HomeMy WebLinkAbout10 TUSTIN LIBRARY 10-05-98A.GENDA
NO. 10
10-5-98
Inter Co m
DATE:
OCTOBER 5, 1998
TO'
FROM:
SUBJECT:
WILLIAM A. HUSTON, CITY MANAGER
CHRISTINE A. SHINGLETON, ASSISTANT CITY MANAGER
TUSTIN LIBRARY NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND FACILITY PLAN
FaCility Plan a~d folloW-Up . :
I
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council take the following actions as recommended by the Ad-hoc
Library Planning Committee:
1. Approve the Tustin Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan;
2. Direct staff to initiate discussions with the County regarding the potential for creating a ballot
measure to fund construction of an expanded Tustin Library.facility;
3. Appropriate $20,000 from Fiscal Year 1998-99 general fund reserves and authorize the
Assistant City Manager to execute a consultant services agreement to undertake community
polling for a Tustin Library expansion project. Any consultant services agreement shall be
approved as to form by the City Attorney.
FISCAL IMPACT
Funding of the Facility Plan was previously appropriated. A funding commitment of $20,000 is
requested at this time for consultant services in examining the potential for a ballot issue to fund a
Tustin Library expansion project.
BACKGROUND
The City Council in January, 1998, authorized the services of David M. Griffith and Associates to
prepare a Tustin Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan. Additionally, in late 1997, the City
Council appointed an Ad-hoc Library Planning Committee to recommend the selected consultant
City Council Report
Tustin Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan
October 5, i998
Page 2
and to work with the consultant to develop an understanding of various library constituents, their
concerns and issues, identify special library needs and priorities, seek community consensus and
recommend to the City Council a vision for future library services and facilities in Tustin.
Based on the work of the consultant and Ad-hoc Committee and the participation of the community
in the form of focus groups and a community-wide workshop, the Tustin Library Needs Assessment
and Facility Plan has been completed and was recommended for approval by the City Council at the
Ad-hoc Library Planning Committee's meeting on September 29, 1998.
In summary, the Plan recommends that the Tustin Library continue as a part of the Orange County
library system but that the City work toward a finanCial mechanism for construction of a library
expansion project in the Civic Center at an approximate cost of $11 million. The report provides an
assessment of space and services needed to meet current and future demand for library services.
The report recommends that if Tustin residents desire enhanced library services, then a household
parcel assessment could provide a large portion of both capital and operating costs for the expanded
facility. One of the issues to be determined would be whether there would be support from the
County Board of Supervisors to include the North Tustin unincorporated area, which is part of the
total service area of the Tustin Library, in any parcel assessment or tax. Should the City Council
wish to proceed with supporting the concept of a ballot measure to raise funds for the library
project, it would be recommended that a meeting with Supervisor Spitzer and other County Board
of Supervisor members be scheduled to discuss this matter.
In addition, the Ad-hoc Library Planning Committee also recommended that the City Council
appropriate an amount not-to-exceed $20,000 for the purpose of hiring a consultant to poll the
community to determine what type of community response might be expected from a ballot issue to
fund an expansion of the Tustin Library.
Christine A. Shingl~on
Assistant City Manager
CAS :kd\ccreport\libraryassessplan.doc
Attachment
DATE:
OCTOBER 5, 1998
NO. 10
10-5-98
Inter-Com
TO:
FROM'
SUBJECT:
WILLIAM A. HUSTON, CITY MANAGER
OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
ATTACHMENTS- TUSTIN LIBRARY NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND
FACILITY PLAN
The Tustin Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan related to this report will be
delivered to the City Council under separate cover on Thursday, October 1, 1998.
Valerie Crabill
Chief Deputy City Clerk
AG:MEMOSPCV
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CITY OF TUSTIN
September, 1998
OIM M M M E M M IM
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Acknowledeements
Last year, the City established an Ad Hoc Library Planning
Committee to guide the Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan. The
Committee members have informed themselves during the process, and
guided this study with hard work and dedication. The members of the
Committee are:
Ad Hoc Library Planning Committee
Mayor Pro Tem Thomas R. Saltarelli
Mayor Pro Tem Tracy Wills Worley
Jonathan Abelove, Tustin Unified School District
Dr Dawn Bruner, Community Representative
Valerie McNamara, Community Representative
Nancy Reynolds, Irvine Valley College Information Services
John Adams, County Librarian, Orange County Public Library
Christine Shingleton, Assistant City Manager, City of Tustin
Alternate:
Ms. Tammie Bullard, Board Member President, Tustin Unified
School District
• •
City of Tustin
Library Needs Assessment
And Facility Plan
Table of Contents
Executive Summary I
1 Introduction 1
2. Objectives of the Study 2
3 Tustin Branch Library. Profile of Library 4
Services and Resources
4 Tustin Demographic Profile 13
5 Community Involvement in Planning 18
6. The Role of Technology in Public Library 22
Services
7 Findings and Standards for Tustin Library 26
Services
8. Financing Public Library Buildings 35
9 Operating Costs for an Expanded Facility 42
10. An Action Plan for Developing Tustin 45
Library Services
Appendices:
A. Library Profile Data
B. Demographic Data
C. Community Involvement. Meeting Notes
D Analysis of an Approach for Financing Library Development
• •
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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410. City of Tustin
ibrary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
City of Tustin(
Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan
Executive Summar
The City of Tustin has a very busy and vital public library which is operated
by the Orange County Library The City recently established an Ad Hoc Library
Planning Committee to study public library services to achieve the following
objectives:
• A definition of the desired roles and level of library services
for the City of Tustin, with the identification of key issues and
priorities for service delivery;
• Evaluation of current services and facilities being provided,
and an analysis of future library facility needs;
• Identification and evaluation of alternate methods of providing
library services and facilities;
• Development of recommendations and associated costs for
implementing desired services and facilities;
• Recommendations for performance measures to track library
effectiveness in the future.
Community Involvement. This study found that community members in
Tustin are very interested in library services and are quite knowledgeable about
those services and the deficiencies in the current operations. Community
involvement was obtained in three ways:
• Through the active participation and support of the Ad Hoc
Library Planning Committee;
• Through a series of four small group meetings for key library
users including parents with school age children, seniors, high
school students, and members of the Hispanic community and
the Southwest neighborhood;
• Through a well - publicized community -wide Town Hall
meeting.
The results of these interviews and meetings is included in Chapter 5 of
this study, and the actual comments are reflected in Appendix C.
David M. Griffith & Associates
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City of Tustin
ibrary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
The Changing Community. The demographic profile of the Tustin
community shows significant change and diversity in the population, with the
number of young children growing rapidly At least three development projects
are currently underway which are expected to increase the size of the City's
population in the next several years. These indicators will result in an increase in
demand for library services.
The Current Library Facility. The Library facility itself is twenty -four
years old, and is approaching the end of its usable life, unless significant
renovation is undertaken. It is showing signs of heavy and constant use, for
approximately one thousand people visit the library daily This is a very
significant level of use, and at this rate, the typical building systems wear out
much more rapidly —from automatic front doors to plumbing.
This study recommends a high level of performance measurement in order
to best analyze and monitor library use and patron satisfaction over time. It is
important to put these measures in place now, so that improvements in the facility
can be evaluated by patron measures of satisfaction.
The Impact of Technology on Libraries. The changes that technology is
bringing to public libraries across the country will develop the library into a new
type of service, while continuing the more established programs of service- -
books, literacy and programs for adults and children. In today's on -line
environment, searching worldwide for the right information is practical and
effective. In addition, it is possible to search a library's on -line data bases from
home, work, a community center kiosk, or even from the library These new
services complement and enhance the basic business of the library -- bringing
people and knowledge together
There are some reductions in needed floor space possible in the reference
and research collections of larger libraries. In these libraries, sets of encyclopedias
are reduced to a single CD -ROM and its work station, and some periodicals are
no longer bound and shelved because they can be obtained easily quickly and
cheaply on line. In these cases, some library space planners believe that the
number of volumes housed in the library might be reduced by 5 to 8 percent.
There is, at the same time, a need for increased space for computer workstations
to access on -line information, which may increase overall library space needs
somewhat. The actual amount of increase depends on the facility, the priority it
places on reference services, and the level of public use.
Library Expansion Alternatives. To set a standard for the space needed
for the Tustin Library it will be necessary to compromise between the existing
and generally accepted public library standard, and the Orange County Library
David M. Griffith & Associates ii
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0 City of Tustin
ibrary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
standard. To develop a facility larger in comparison to the neighboring branches
would be a difficult balancing act in terms of budget and allocation of resources
such as technology and programs such as literacy In order to accomplish such a
compromise, we are recommending the use of .3 square feet per capita.
The current facility has an excellent location, according to the community
participants. This location should be maintained if at all possible, as it is
convenient to transportation corridors, schools and is centrally located in the City
The alternatives for expanding the library services were developed based on the
Library remaining in its current general location in the Civic Center Alternative
sites outside the Civic Center area were not considered.
It should be noted that in evaluating facility expansion alternatives, it was
assumed that the Tustin Library would continue to be a part of the Orange County
Library System. The base level financial analysis in Chapter 3 indicates that the
revenue the Tustin Library generates is not sufficient to cover the operating costs.
Because of this, there is no financial incentive for the City to withdraw from the
County Library and establish an independent municipal library There will be
additional costs to operate a larger facility and this additional cost will be subject
to negotiation between the City and County Library While the City may shoulder
the cost of the expansion, there will still be an imbalance between revenues and
expenses. Chapter 9 outlines the anticipated operating costs for an expanded
facility
There are several ways to develop a library of 30,000 square feet in the
current Civic Center location. They are:
Alternative A Add a second story onto the existing facility
Alternative B Add a wing onto the existing facility• a 15,000
square foot single story addition and remodel
Alternative C Remove the existing facility and construct a new
facility in the same place.
Preliminary estimates for construction range from approximately 8 to 10
million dollars. Inflation and the state of the economy at the time of soliciting
construction bids could also affect these estimates. Not included in the estimates
at this time are the costs for additional materials and technology upgrades.
Financing Public Library Construction. Local government funds have
provided the vast majority of funding for public library construction in the United
States during the last thirty years. Between 74 and 78 percent of all public library
construction costs were from local sources. Recent "take- backs" of local
revenues by the State of California have severely strained local jurisdictions'
budgets. Special or new revenues will probably be needed by Tustin to fund the
construction of a new library facility at any time in the near future. Legislation to
create state bond financing to support construction of public library facilities
David M. Griffith & Associates iii
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City of Tustin
Library Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
recently failed to pass the State Legislature. This legislation has been sponsored
by the California Library Association and carried by a bi- partisan group of elected
Legislators; it is likely to be reintroduced in the next session of the Legislature.
Neither federal or non - public sources of funding appear to be likely sources of
funding for an expanded Tustin Library
This study analyses one potential source of funding and finds that a per
household assessment of approximately $40 per household annually for the City
of Tustin and the North Tustin area will provide sufficient funding to construct a
30,000 square foot facility and support the added operating costs.
The Library Planning Effort. Constructing a new facility or expanding
an existing one is a complex task that will involve the efforts of many groups and
organizations. There are several key participants in the development of a design
for a new facility.
• The community of users
• The community of non -users
• The City staff
• The Library staff
• Volunteers and Friends of the Library
• Physical plant and maintenance staff
• The architectural firm, including engineers and interior design personnel
In addition other professional resources may be needed including a fund
raiser, campaign organizer, and a building consultant (County Library staff can
perform this last role).
The schedule for constructing an expanded facility and the next steps in the
process are as follows:
ate Activity
Oct. — Feb. '99 Develop financial plan; poll voters
Feb. 15, 1999 City Council adopts resolution for election
March 11, 1999 Official request to call for a special election. Impartial analysis and arguments
due to County election officials
March 22, 1999 Last date to submit rebuttals
March — July '99 Development of library building program
March — June '99 Campaign for passage of library parcel tax
June 8, 1999 Special election for parcel tax
July — Sept. '99 Selection of architect
Sept. — Feb. 2000 Design development
Feb. — May 2000 Plan review
May — June 2000 Bids for construction
August 2000 Construction begins
Summer, 2001 New Library opens
David M. Griffith & Associates iv
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410 City of Tustin
ibrary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
There are many different ways to improve public library services in
Tustin. This study outlines the options and alternatives available to the
community The Council, with participation of the community will have the
opportunity to decide the most appropriate manner and method for proceeding. It
is an exciting and complex undertaking, but one that will be ultimately rewarding
for this dynamic and growing community
David M. Griffith & Associates v
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1. INTRODUCTION
• •
1. INTRODUCTION
There are many challenges facing cities and public libraries these days. The
environment for planning is in a state of constant change. That is why the City of
Tustin is developing a plan for public library services that will provide some stability
and direction during these times.
Last year, the City established an Ad Hoc Library Planning Committee to
assist in this endeavor They have informed themselves during the process, and guided
this study with hard work and dedication. The members of the Committee are:
Mayor Pro Tem Thomas R. Saltarelli
Councilwoman Tracy A. Worley
Dr. Nancy Reynolds, Irvine Valley College Information Services
Dr Dawn Bruner, M.D Community member
Ms. Valerie McNamara, Community member
Mr Jonathan Abelove, Tustin Unified School District
Ms. Tammie Bullard, Tustin Unified School District
Mr. George Maranon, Tustin Unified School District
Mr John Adams, County Librarian, Orange County Public Library
Generous staff support and guidance was provided by Assistant City
Manager Christine Shingleton.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 1
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2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The City of Tustin wishes to develop a comprehensive approach to
public library service. As a member City of the Orange County Public Library
the City participated the recent restructuring of the County Library This
restructuring clarified the roles and responsibilities of the County Library and
of the member Cities. The recent agreement has a provision for supplying
additional hours and services which can be negotiated between the City and
County Library This study will give the City of Tustin the framework from
which to further develop public library services in Tustin. The principal
objectives of this study are:
• A definition of the desired roles and level of library services for
the City of Tustin, with the identification of key issues and
priorities for service delivery;
• Evaluation of current services and facilities being provided, and an
analysis of future library facility needs;
• Identification and evaluation of alternate methods of providing
library services and facilities;
• Development of recommendations and associated costs for
implementing desired services and facilities;
• Recommendations for performance measures to track library
effectiveness in the future.
In conducting this study, input was solicited from key community stakeholders
throughout the Tustin Community This was achieved in the following ways:
(1 ) The Ad Hoc Library Planning Committee which reviewed the
work of the study as it progressed. The Committee included
representation from the community, the Tustin Unified School
District, the City Council, and the County Library
(2.) Key community groups were interviewed in focus group format
to assist with clarification of library needs and desired services.
These groups included parents of your children, high school
students, senior citizens, and members of the Latino community
(3) A community-wide Town Hall meeting was held at the
Community Center The purpose of this meeting was to confirm
or clarify the results of the community group interviews.
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rary Needs Assessment
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The chapters which follow present the results of our analysis of information
and data about the library and community; this is shaped by the contributions from the
community as shown above.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 3
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3 TUSTIN BRANCH LIBRARY
PROFILE OF LIBRARY SERVICES
AND RESOURCES
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0 City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
3 TUSTIN BRANCH LIBRARY. PROFILE OF LIBRARY SERVICES
& RESOURCES
This chapter provides an overview of the services provided by the Tustin Branch of
the Orange County Public Library (OCPL) and the resources which are used to deliver
library services from the Branch. The Tustin Branch is one of twenty-seven branch libraries
operated by the Orange County Public Library System. The primary service area for the
Branch is the City of Tustin, but also includes the unincorporated North Tustin area.
The Orange County Public Library is a County Free Library established for taxing
purposes as a dependent special district under the Education Code of California State Law
In 1993 the property tax shift by the State which came in an effort to balance the state
budget, resulted in a tremendous loss of revenue to the County Libraries organized as
dependent special districts. Orange County Public Library lost 34% of its funding.
In 1996 -97, the County and the Cities served by the County Library came to an
agreement to alter the governance structure of the system. This agreement was approved by
the County Board of Supervisors and the City Councils of all participating Cities. The
agreement provides for a governing board made up of a City Council member from each
member City and representation from the Board of Supervisors (for the unincorporated
areas). The Board has delegated to this group the responsibility to approve budgets and
allocate funds, set priorities and engage in system -wide planning.
A strict funding allocation system was adopted; this includes approval of the central
administrative, technology and support function proposed expenses, the dividing the
remaining resources among the 27 facilities. There are certain set - asides for system -wide
priorities such as reference. The method for dividing the remainder of the revenue available
is by formula: 30% based on City population (unincorporated areas are treated as one city);
30% based on circulation, and 40% based on property tax contribution.
(1 ) Tustin's Existing Library Facility. The Tustin Library is located in the
Civic Center area, at 345 East Main Street, adjacent to the Community Center
and City Hall. The lot location is on a corner with parking in front of the
building and is a contiguous lot with the Community Center and City Hall.
There are an adequate number of spaces; however special events at the other
two facilities sometimes make library parking more difficult.
The facility is owned by the County Library but is constructed on City
property The City and County have a lease agreement which specifies that
the building will become property of the City at the completion of the lease
agreement (in July, 2024). The City maintains the grounds and parking lot,
and for this activity, is reimbursed by the County Library
The table which follows outlines key descriptive information regarding the
existing Branch Library facility.
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411 City of Tustin
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Characteristic
Descri • tion
Facilit
Aye
O. - ned in 1974
Size
15,000 s.. ft.
Features
Public Meeting Room
Friends of the Library Bookstore
Children s & Adult Study Areas
Reference & Clerical Workrooms
Branch Manager's Office
Shared, Off -Street Parkin
(1) Includes 375 square feet occupied by the Friends Bookstore.
The facility was constructed in 1974 and is approaching the end of its usable
life, unless significant renovation is undertaken. The exterior is holding up well,
and is in good condition. However the one story facility appears dated and dwarfed
by the larger, more modern and recent construction of the City Hall and Community
Center A plan of' the Civic Center area showing the library s location in relation to
the other facilities in included in Appendix A.
The first impression of the facility upon entering is of a dark and quiet space.
The lighting is, at best, subdued, and is inadequate in the stack areas where clear
illumination all the way to the floor is necessary The facility does not make use of
natural light, having only one window with a seating area adjacent. Relamping and
replacing ballasts in all the fixtures would probably improve the quantity of light
throughout the building.
The electrical service is provided in a casual way with large cables, wires,
and connections lying on a table in the staff work area. This is an unsafe
arrangement, and should not wait for renovation for correction. No unusual
conditions were noted with regard to the heating/ventilation /cooling systems; the air
conditioning system was recently replaced.
The library uses the County Library system s Dynix automation system for
patron catalog and circulation functions. Nineteen terminals are located in the
Children s and Reference areas, and thus, are easily accessible to patrons as they
move through the facility Two computers and other computer - related resources am
distributed throughout the Reference area, with most of them being fairly close to the
Reference desk. However there is no clearly identified place for technology in the
library a place with computers and assistance in using them. The ergonomics of the
patron workstations are poor and is not conducive to lengthy research. This is
probably an added incentive to patrons to use the equipment sparingly since demand
for the library's technology resources is very high.
The carpeting and furnishings are all well -used, but in adequate condition; it
was replaced approximately 6 years ago. There appears to be a marginally adequate
amount of seating, but it is crowded at the very busiest times. Perhaps most
intimidating to users are the number of signs throughout the facility providing
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City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
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instructions in many aspects of library use. The number of signs deters patrons
from asking questions of staff and creates a somewhat unfriendly atmosphere.
Interior facility maintenance appears adequate, but spotty It was apparent
that the women s restroom ceiling had been defaced some time ago. A thorough
cleaning would remedy this problem, and needs to be done. There were several
other conditions of a similar nature in the facility The exterior is well - maintained
and consistent in cleanliness and landscaping with the rest of the civic center area.
The Library's meeting room doubles as a storage room and is not neat or tidy
in its appearance. Its location at the far end of the facility, with double doors
opening from the Children s area makes its use mainly for children s programs.
There are two staff areas, one for Reference and Children s staff, and one
Circulation Services workroom. The Reference and Children s area is small,
crowded, and carved out of public service space in the area behind and adjacent to
the Reference Desk. It is difficult to move through the space, because so many
work areas and shelving units have been crammed into the area. The Circulation
work area is conveniently located just behind the circulation desk, but it, too is very
crowded. Several work surfaces and tables are at different heights, with computer
keyboards at varying heights, making for working conditions that lack adequate
ergonomic design. The safety issue regarding the wiring and cabling left on a table
in this area has already been noted.
The Library is showing signs of the heavy constant use it receives.
Approximately one thousand people visit the library daily on the busier days. This
is a very significant level of use, and at this rate, the typical building systems wear
out much more rapidly - -from the front doors to the plumbing - -and the heavy use
they receive accelerates the replacement needs.
(2 ) Library Service Hours
The Tustin Branch Library currently provides 60 hours of service per week.
The table which follows outlines the number of service hours provided by the
Branch by weekday Table 1 in Appendix A presents a graphic illustration of
service hours by facility and day of the week.
Weekday
Number
of
Hours
Sunda
0
Monda
11
Tuesda
1l
Wednesda
11
Thursda
11
Frida
8
Saturda
8
Total
60
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• City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
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(3 ) Library Collection
The collection of the Tustin Branch Library currently consists of 124 195
items (all formats). The table which follows provides detail on the composition of
the collection by type of item:
Tustin Branch Library
Collection Composition (1)
Item
Number
Percent of
Cate or
Total
Books Adult:
•Fiction & Non - Fiction
59 405
52 0%
47 8%
•Reference
7 236
6 3%
5 8%
•Rental
279
0.2%
0 2%
Books Juvenile:
47 231
41 4%
38 0%
Total, Books
114,151
100.0%
91.9%
Audio - Visual
•Cassettes
1 213
23 8%
1 0%
•CD's
666
13 0%
0 5%
•Books -on -tape
1 053
20 6%
0 8%
•Videotapes
2 173
42 6%
1 7%
Total, AV
5,105
100.0%
4.1%
Music Scores & Records
74
100.0%
0.1%
Pam•hlets /Pictures
685
100.0%
0.6%
Periodicals
4,180
100.0%
3.4%
Grand Total
124 195
100.0%
100.0%
omposition o collection as reported by the Orange County
Library System in March, 1998. Total excludes book bags. Adult
fiction and non - fiction includes browsing collection, paperbacks and
bestsellers.
Source: Orange County Public Library System
As the data indicate, the vast majority of the collection is composed of
books. Adult fiction and non - fiction books represent about half of the total book
collection while juvenile books compose slightly less than half. Videotapes compose
the largest portion of the audio - visual (AV) collection; audio - cassettes constitute
almost one quarter and books -on -tape constitute about one -fifth of the AV collection.
The compact disc collection is limited, representing less than one percent of the
Branch s AV collection.
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IA City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
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(4 ) Library Services & Programs
The table which follows provides a brief overview of the services and
programs provided at the Tustin Branch Library
Service
Descri i tion
Circulation
Patrons of all ages may borrow items housed at the
Tustin Branch or any of the other 26 OCPL branch
libraries. Approximately 2.3 million items are held
systemwide. Circulation services are supported by the
OCPL systemwide automated catalog system. Inter -
Library loan services are also provided.
Reference
Information/Reference and Reader's Advisory services
are provided to patrons of all ages. Reference materials
include print and electronic media and services including
Internet access for patrons. Second level reference is
provided by an OCPL Regional Reference Center.
Reference needs beyond the scope of the OCPL Regional
Reference Center are provided by the Inland Library
System Reference Center.
Electronic services offered via the OCPL automated
system include full text access to over 800 periodicals.
journals and newspapers with complete indexing,
updated daily On -line access to collections of the Univ
of Calif. libraries and to more than 40 medical, business
and general reference sources such as Books In Print, the
National Telephone Directory Collier's Encyclopedia,
the Information Please Almanac and the American
Herita•e Electronic Dictionar .
Children s Programs
Two eight week storytime sessions are offered annually
Each session consists of three thirty minute storytime
periods on weekday mornings or evenings. A four week
Storytime session is offered during the summer. A nine-
week Summer Reading Game, designed to help children
maintain their reading skills over the summer, is open
to patrons of all ages.
A variety of theme/holiday- oriented craft and
entertainment programs (funded by the Tustin Friends of
the Library) are offered annually for children ages six
and up. These events include Halloween, Winter,
Valentine's Day and Spring programs.
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Libr ry Needs Assessment
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Program Area
Description
Adult Programs
During FY 1996 -97 the Library offered one Adult
program; attendance was 415. Three other general
Library presentations during the year drew
another 464 attendees. In addition, the VITA Tax
Assistance program is offered at the Tustin Branch
from February April of each year. This program
is free to all senior adults and low income
individuals and families.
Volunteer Program
The Branch has an active Volunteer Program.
Volunteers performs duties including book
mending, shelving, and a limited range of
clerical functions. Volunteers also deliver library
materials to patrons who are physically confined.
In FY 96/97 the Branch had 383 volunteers who
donated 3,612 hours of service. During the
summer, Teen Volunteers assist with the Summer
Reading Program, and Children's Storytime and
craft programs. Older teens also assist with
shelving. A limited number of high school honor
student volunteers perform similar activities
during the school year. Approximately 45 teen
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volunteers contribute an average of 1,000 hours of
service each summer
(5.) Patron Equipment
1 The following major equipment items are housed in the branch
for patron use:
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• 19 On -line Public Access Terminals (on -line catalog)
• 1 Internet Station
• 1 CD -ROM Station
• 2 Microfiche /film Reader - Printers
(6.) Branch Staffing
The Tustin Branch Library has a total of 12.0 authorized fl'1!, in
FY 97 -98. The composition of the Branch staff is as follows: 3.0 FTE
are professional librarians; 2.5 bTE are para - professionals and the
remaining 6.5 1?'1'E are clerical support staff. The table which follows
provides detail of the Tustin Branch staffing by classification and
function.
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FY 97 -98 Staffing
Position
FTE
Function
Sr. Administrative Librarian
1.00
Branch Mana.er
Librar S•ecialists
2.00
Reference & Children's Librarians
Librar Assistants
2.50
Reference & Children's Svcs
Office Su.ervisor A
1.00
Circulation /Clerical Su•ervision
Librar Clerk
3.50
Circulation Services
Pages
2.00
Circulation Services
Total
12.00
45
Source: Orange County Public Library System
(7 ) Program Attendance & Library Service Levels
The Tustin Branch Library provides programs for children and adults year
round. As data in the table which follows indicate, the overwhelming majority of
the Branch s programming activity is related to children.
Tustin Branch Library
FY 96 -97 Program Statistics
Program T •e
No. of
Pro's.
Attendance
Avg
Attend.
Children
•Pre - school Storytime
32
1 044
33
• Children's Programs
11
1 060
96
*Class Visits
11
344
31
Subtotal
54
2,448
45
Adult Programs
1
415
415
Librar Presentations
3
464
155
Total
58
3,327
57
Source: Orange County Public Library System
The table which follows provides FY 96 -97 library service data for the
Tustin Branch.
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FY 96-97 Service Overview
Service Element
Number
Librarian FTE
3.0'
Non - librarian FTE
9.0 i
Total FTE
12.0'
Open Hours
ellM
Circulation
• Resident
• Non - resident
Total
188,23.
143,113
331,34
Reference
144,11
Gate Count
310,78
Holdings
124,323
Registered Borrowers
44,018
Population (2)
50,68
Sq. Footage
C1
(1) Holdings as of March 1998.
(2) City of Tustin population as of 1990 census.
Key FY 96-97 service level indicators for the Tustin Branch are as
follows
FY 96 -97 Indicator
Value
Total Circ Per O•en Hr
1 1 0
Total Circ Per FTE
27,612
Total Circ Per Volume
2.7
Reference Per O•en Hr
48.0
Reference Per Lib FTE
48 038
Gate Count Per Chen Hr
104
Holdin•s Per Ca•ita
2.5
S•. Foota•e Per Ca, ita
0.30
(8.) Operating Costs & Revenue
Annual operating expenses for the Tustin Branch Library
totaled $969,519 in FY 96-97 Revenues directly associated with the
Tustin Branch totaled $687,180, approximately 31% less ($282,339)
than the Branch's operating costs. Property taxes compose the largest
proportion of the Branch's funding. Sixty percent (60 %) of the
Branch's total operating costs are related to public service operations
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FY 96 -97
Actual Revenues & Operating Expenses
Cate or
Amount
% of Total
Revenues
Property Taxes
580 564
84 5%
Fines & Fees
53 097
7 7%
Public Lib.Funds (1)
37 874
5 5%
Donations
15 645
2 3%
Total
687,180
100.0%
Operating Expenses
Salaries & Benefits
376 843
38 9%
Facility Operations
44 215
4 6%
Office Supplies
6 265
0 6%
Library Materials
154 000
15 9%
Equipment Maint.
2 454
0 3%
Subtotal
583 777
60 2%
Systemwide Svcs (2)
385 742
39 8%
Total
969,519
100.0%
(1) PLF estimate based on $0.58 per capita.
(2) Systemwide services includes technical services (materials
acquisition, cataloging and processing), automated systems
support, materials delivery services, systemwide
administrative support services (accounting, human resources,
payroll, community and public relations, systemwide
administration, etc.) and countywide overhead costs.
Source: Orange County Public Library System
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4 TUSTIN DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
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4 CITY OF TUSTIN DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
This chapter provides an overview of the community served by the Tustin
Branch of the Orange County Public Library The section provides an overview of the
size and characteristics of the City's population. The section also provides a brief
overview of long -range land use plans which are likely to have an impact on the City's
population.
(1 ) Size and Characteristics of the City's Population
The population of the City of Tustin was estimated by the Department of
Finance to be 66,420 as of January 1 1998. The City s population has grown
by 31% (15,731 residents) since the 1990 census. Data from the 1990 U S
Census, presented in the table which follows, suggest that Tustin has limited
ethnic and racial diversity
City of Tustin Population
By Ethnicity /Race & Hispanic Origin
Ethnicit /Rac
Cit Residents
#
%
Afr Amer
2 895
5 7%
Amer Indian
274
0 5%
Asian /Pac. Is.
5,260
10 4%
White
37,127
73 2%
Other
5 133
10 1%
Total
50,689
100 0%
Hispanic
10,508
20 7%
Non - Hispanic
40,181
79 3%
Source: 1990 U.S. Census.
However more recent population data provided in the Tustin Chamber
of Commerce s community economic profile suggests that the City's population
has become more diverse since the 1990 census largely due to changes in the
proportion of Hispanic and White residents. It should also be noted that,
although individuals of Asian or Pacific Islander descent were a small segment
of the City's total population in 1990, there were more than one dozen different
ethnic groups represented within this segment of the City's population.
Fall 1997 enrollment data for the Tustin Unified School District,
presented in the graph is generally consistent with data from the Chamber
These data suggest that the Tustin s school -age population is considerably more
diverse than the City's total 1990 population.
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Tustin Unified School District
Fall 1997 Enrollment
White
42%
Af Am.
5%
Fil Asiarl4.l
2% 9 %1%
Hispanic
• Hispanic
■AI
o Asian
0 Fil
• White
D Af Am.
Data regarding the distribution of the City's 1990 population by age
indicate that Tustin is fairly young community The age distribution of Tustin
residents as reported in the 1990 U.S. census was as follows:
• Less than one - quarter (23 %) of the City's residents in 1990 were 45
years of age or older.
• Just under half (45 %) of the City's residents in 1990 were between 22
and 44 years of age.
• About one - quarter (24 %) of the City's residents in 1990 were 17 years
of age or younger
The 1990 U.S census data indicate that the majority (64 %) of Tustin
residents have attended college; one quarter of the City's 1990 residents
possessed a Bachelor's or higher level degree. A relatively small proportion
(14 %) of the City's 1990 residents did not possess a high school diploma or
equivalent.
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1990 Tustin Residents' Educational
Attainment
(Residents 25 Years or Older)
Grad /Prof.
Degree Non -H.S. Grad
0
Bachelor's ° 14%
Degree
18%
Assoc. Degree
9%
Some College
30%
H.S.
Grad /GED
22%
Recent demographic data from the Chamber of Commerce Community
Profile suggest that Tustin is an economically diverse city The Chamber
publication reports the median household income for Tustin to be about
$44,000 The 1990 U.S Census reported the City's median household income
as $38,433 therefore, it appears that income levels of the City's household's
may have risen somewhat during the 1990's.
Residents in the City of Tustin are more likely to reside in multi- family
and attached dwellings than their counterparts in other Orange County cities as
half the housing stock in most Orange County cities is single family detached
homes. The housing stock in Tustin is, however, largely multi -family and
attached dwellings; as a result Tustin has a higher proportion of residents who
rent than most Orange County cities. Recent publications from the Chamber of
Commerce indicate that about 56% of Tustin s residents are property owners.
(2 ) Local Educational Institutions
The City of Tustin is served by the Tustin Unified School District which
operates approximately ten elementary schools, four middle schools and one
high school within the City Fall 1997 enrollment for the Tustin Unified School
District, by level, is as follows:
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Tustin Unified School District
Fall 1997 Enrollment
Level
Numbe
Percen
Kindergarten
1,321
8.8%
Grades 1 - 5
6,421
42.9%
Grades 6 - 8
3,325
22.2%
Grades 9 - 12
3,91.
26.1%
Total
14,981
100.0%
As the data indicate, more than half of District's students are enrolled in
the sixth grade or below educational levels in which students are endeavoring to
learn and master reading, spelling and other basic academic skills.
The City is also home to a number of pre - school and day care centers and
to approximately a half dozen private K 12 schools. There are no higher
education institutions located within the City of Tustin, although there are several
community colleges located in neighboring communities.
(3 ) Business & Industry
The Chamber profile indicates that there are approximately 1,600
business located within the City employing about 27,000 people. Among the
City's major employers are eight manufacturing firms, the Tustin Unified School
District, the City of Tustin, and several retail sales companies.
(4 ) Issues Potentially Impacting Citv's Population
There are at least three projects currently underway which are expected to
impact the size of the City's population in the next several years. These efforts
are: (1) reuse plans for the Marine Air Corps Station, (2) completion of
development in East Tustin and (3) potential annexation of North Tustin. These
efforts are described in the sections which follow.
• The Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) is being eliminated as a U S
defense installation and, as such, plans are underway for converting the
space to civilian use. The MCAS Reuse Plan calls for the development
of the 1,600 acre site to space for business, light industrial, research,
retail, residential and recreational purposes. Current plans call for the
development of approximately 4,000 residential units on that portion of
the former MCAS site development within the City of Tustin.
Construction of this project is projected to occur over approximately a
twenty -year period ending in 2020. The planned residential development
is projected to increase the City's population by about 10,800 residents.
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• Development of the East Tustin master planned community also called
the Tustin Ranch has been underway since 1995. This project is expected
to be completed in the next several years. At build -out, the development
will contain approximately 8,100 residential units.
• Another factor which would impact the size of the City's population
would be the annexation of additional unincorporated space surrounding
the City Although there are no serious discussions or negotiations
regarding annexation underway at this time, it should be noted that North
Tustin is an existing community which could, at some point in the
future, be considered for annexation. This community with a population
of approximately 26,000 residents is built -out, generally composed of
upper income, married, empty nester' households, residing in single
family dwellings.
The MCAS reuse plan and the completion of the East Tustin development
are projected to increase the number of residents to approximately 73,030 in the
City s incorporated area, an increase of 6,610 residents over the City's estimated
January 1998 population of 66,420. This estimate reflects the fact that
approximately 3 150 people currently reside on the base; they are military
personnel and their dependents, and will be relocated to a new facility soon. An
additional 26,000 residents in the North Tustin unincorporated areas are also
within the City's sphere of influence.
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5 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN PLANNING
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5. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN PLANNING
A key part of this study has been bringing the community into the process
of determining desired library services and roles for the future. This has been
accomplished in several ways. This chapter describes the various methods
employed to obtain community involvement and the results of such participation.
(1 ) Ad Hoc Library Planning
The Ad Hoc Library Planning Committee has guided this study from the
beginning. They were the original contributors to the Library role and needs, and set the
stage for the later contributors. The Committee discussed the role of the Library in the
community on several occasions, assisted in planning the Town Hall meeting, and
visited neighboring libraries to learn how public libraries can reflect community identity
and priorities.
The Committee felt that the facility is a key symbol of the community and its
commitment to its citizens. They described it as a gathering place for the community an
important place for activity community building. They expressed concerns about the
current facility —that it did not seem to have this function —and felt that the existing
facility constraints on size and use were responsible. The current location, however,
was viewed as ideal, and there was a considerable discussion about how the facility
might be improved and expanded on the existing site.
Committee members saw two new libraries and two recent facilities on a tour
that helped clarify further the way they wanted the Library to reflect the community
The newly opened Mission Viejo Library and the Aliso Viejo Branch of the Orange
County Public Library were visited as were the Huntington Beach and Newport Beach
Libraries, both constructed within the last ten years. To committee members, the
physical facade was an important representation of the Library in the community and
they felt that the Library should match the rest of the Civic Center area in this area. The
aspect of children's services was carefully evaluated by the Committee members, who
expressed a strong desire to improve and expand this aspect of service in an improved
facility
(2 ) Small Group Meetings
As a key part of the Tustin Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan, small
group meetings were held with four groups on April 8 and 9 1998. The purpose of
these meetings was to determine the perceived role of the Library in the community The
groups were asked questions about current Library use and needs as well as Library
space and design questions. The following is a brief analysis of the comments received.
Complete comments of the meetings are included as Appendix C of this report.
Parents with School Age Children (Grades 5 8)
Parents and children from three middle schools were invited to attend the
meeting at 5:30 p.m. on April 8, 1998. Approximately 8 parents and 6 children
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attended, the children were from 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades. The meeting was held in
the Utt School Multi- Purpose Room.
Seniors
Approximately 12 seniors attended a meeting at the Tustin Area Senior Center on
April 9 1998. They were invited by the City and by the Senior Coordinator, Jim Box.
A substantial number of the group were active Friends of the Library including the
Volunteer Coordinator for the Library
High School Students
One Junior Honors English class from Tustin High School was interviewed for
this study Approximately 18 students attended the lunch time meeting on April 9 1998.
Pizza and sodas were served. Several teachers attended, but did not contribute to these
notes.
Members of the Hispanic Community & Southwest Neighborhood
Residents
Members of the Southwest Neighborhood met at the Tustin Family and Youth
Center to discuss Library services at the invitation of the coordinator Gladys Kaiser
There were approximately 16 people in attendance. The meeting was conducted in
Spanish, with Ms Kaiser serving as translator for the library consultant and City staff.
General Overview
While all four groups were asked the same questions, the responses varied from
group to group. For example, while the group of parents and school age children were
very concerned about the Library's ability to meet the needs of school children, they
were very practical in their concerns and had little to say about the more philosophical
topic of the Library's role in the community The seniors, on the other hand, had a truly
philosophical approach to Library services and were less detailed and specific on how
that role should be developed.
Common Elements among the Groups
All groups strongly expressed the desire that the Library serve the educational
needs of children. There was an emphasis on the Library as the meeting place for all
Tustin s cultures and ethnic groups. All groups felt that the Library staff was friendly
and helpful. The greatest areas of agreement among the groups came in the discussions
of what services and features should be in an expanded facility There was a
concentration on the physical comfort and attractiveness of the facility Additionally
there was strong interest in improving technology access and service offerings using
technology Finally three of the groups wanted to see the Library be more like a
bookstore, with friendly signage and providing comfortable chairs as well as food and
drink. Key themes that emerge from the review of the comments are:
• The Library's role in meeting the educational needs of school age students
• The Library's role in bringing community members together across cultural
and ethnic boundaries
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• Needs for an expanded facility include a physically attractive and comfortable
environment, with easy access to technology
(3 ) Town Hall Meeting, June 4, 1998
The Community Town Hall Meeting was held on Thursday evening, June 4
1998. Although advertisements were taken out and flyers widely distributed, attendance
was low approximately 20. The Ad Hoc Steering Committee attended as well and
participated in the discussions. Participants were asked to talk about current uses of the
Library the Library of the future, possible expansions of services and the facility and
the location and natural adjacencies for the Library A complete recording of the notes
of this meeting is included as Appendix C of this report.
Primary current uses of the Library mentioned were children s collections and
services and research. However those who mentioned they used the Library for
research were quick to point out that the Library's collection did not provide enough in-
depth materials; they indicated that they rely on obtaining materials from other libraries,
through inter - system or interlibrary loan.
The list of what participants wanted in the Library of the future was long, and
included everything from expanded hours, to a change machine, to greatly increased
collections, staff and space for programs and meetings. Participants saw opportunities
for schools and library cooperation to improve children s access to libraries; others
pointed out a variety of community groups and organizations that could benefit from a
cooperative relationship with the Library
Participants felt the Library needed to `break out' services to specific groups and
designate parts of the Library for each group; for example, a Youth Services Area for
teens, a Children s Area, a Research and Quiet Study and Meeting Rooms were among
those mentioned.
This idea came up again, when participants spoke about ways to expand the
Library They made suggestions about having a variety of areas related to function,
which included all the previous suggestions, and also included a coffee cart or snack
area, a place to meet and talk, a combination of indoor and outdoor spaces. The
emphasis was on having a place for community discussion and debate. The interest
some expressed in having other cultural activities such as an art gallery were directed at
improving the atmosphere of the Library rather than at developing a major art and
preservation program. The Children s Area was the subject of much interest from
participants, with many suggestions about how to create a safe, child -scale Library with
a wide world of knowledge in it.
Participants asked for a Library facility with a comfortable ambiance to it, with a
variety of seating options, natural and electric light, ease of movement between indoors
and outdoors. Most particularly participants asked for ease of orientation - -that the
facility be so well organized that patrons would be able to orient themselves easily at any
location in the building.
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As to whether the Library was located in the proper part of Tustin, most agreed
that the current location was good; some expressed concern about the availability of
parking.
In summary participants felt that the Tustin Library was limited in its
collections, programs and services by the size of the facility All expressed a strong
desire to see improvements in the facility All were interested in seeing their discussion
lead on to further action to improve the Library facility
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6. THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
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6 THE INCREASING ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PUBLIC
LIBRARY SERVICES
Today's information revolution gives us tremendous resources, but it also makes
our lives more complex. The changes driven by the global technology marketplace are
vast, and they happen rapidly Just five years ago there was no World Wide Web.
Looking back 20 years, the personal computer did not exist. Technology has changed
how the world uses information. It is not just a different way to handle information, but
a whole new way to generate and access information. Technology has also increased
tremendously the amount of information available.
Since the 1960's libraries have used technology extensively to automate many of
the behind - the - scenes processes. In the last several years, the technological changes
have become apparent to the public, with the introduction of the on -line catalog and
many other computer -based indexes. The users of public library services have found a
great improvement in the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of information by using
automated information systems rather than printed books, catalog cards or other print -
based information indexes.
Today the library-using public is making use of computers at work and home as
never before, and this factor has greatly increased the public s expectations for the
technological capabilities of public libraries. With the new technological resources, a
new but very important job for the library staff has become helping the library customers
evaluate the accuracy and appropriateness of the information they obtain from on -line
sources.
The changes that technology is bringing to public libraries across the country
will develop the library into a new type of service, while continuing the more established
programs of service -- books, literacy and programs for adults and children. In today's
on -line environment, searching worldwide for the right information is practical and
effective. In addition, it is possible to search a library's on -line data bases from home,
work, a community center kiosk, or even from the library These new services
complement and enhance the basic business of the library-- bringing people and
knowledge together
The Orange County Public Library is making good use of its technology
resources. The Library now has the opportunity to move ahead to excel in its technology
use, making Internet technology much more readily available in all locations. To
continue to serve its community well, the Library's technology must remain convenient,
accessible, and easy to use.
(1 ) The Impact Of Technology On Library Space Needs Is
Mixed.
In the late 1990's, it is appealing to talk about replacing the public library
with a computer -based system. However, while computers have been incredibly
helpful in providing information, they do not replace the library's broad array of
services and rich multilingual print collections. A recent study of public libraries
and technology found that libraries need both - -the physical space and the virtual
library of information available on -line:
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Even in an era of increasing availability of networked electronic
information, libraries must still confront the problems of space, buildings,
and the physical public access to ensure that the gateways to that electronic
information are open to all. (Public Libraries, Communities, and
Technology. Twelve Case Studies. November 1996, Council on Library
Resources.)
Several factors indicate that extensive use of on -line services and
resources may in fact, increase the need for the more traditional library services.
• Use of automated on -line catalogs has increased circulation, because
people find more information with the keyword search capabilities than
they could find using the old card catalogs.
• Increasing the number of points of access -- providing a dial -up on -line
catalog, or putting on -line catalogs in schools, shopping centers or
community centers - -makes it easier for people to use the library and find
materials they want.
• Using on -line technology and the Internet, searchers are finding many
more sources of information than they did from manual searches of print
indexes.
• The computer terminal or personal computer is rapidly becoming the
search tool most used in libraries. When people use the on -line catalog
today they may search the holdings of the library they are in, but then go
on to search databases and the holdings of other libraries around the
world. Where a few years ago, people checked the on -line catalog and
wrote down the location and holdings information, today people may
read and print articles as they conduct their search. This means that
people are spending longer at the workstation while engaged in a search.
This change means that more work stations are needed to accommodate
the new way that work stations are used.
In combination, these various factors suggest that:
• Increased availability of technology and information is increasing
the use of public libraries;
• The way people use libraries is changing.
There are some reductions possible in the reference and research
collections of larger libraries. In these libraries, sets of encyclopedias are
reduced to a single CD -ROM and its work station, and some periodicals are no
longer bound and shelved because they can be obtained easily quickly and
cheaply on line. In these cases, some library space planners believe that the
number of volumes housed in the library might be reduced by 5 to 8 percent.
There is, at the same time, a need for increased space for computer workstations
to access on -line information, which may increase overall library space needs
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somewhat. The actual amount of increase depends on the facility the priority it
places on reference services, and the level of public use.
(2 ) Issues In Making Technolo2v Decisions Will Need to
Be Addressed.
The Orange County Library will be making a number of decisions related
to its technological resources and services during the next several years. These
decisions will affect the amount of technology resources available in Tustin and
the speed at which changes are made. Among the issues which will certainly be
addressed are:
• In- Library and Remote Access. Access to library services will need to
balance in- library and remote access options. Technology will need to be
available to make the library easy to use, convenient and friendly Part of
this change means 24 -hour access, like today's grocery stores, fast food
restaurants, and convenience stores.
• Automated System Security. An excellent security program should be in
place and must be maintained. The Library's holdings and databases are
a very valuable part of the Library's infrastructure, and damage to such a
system would be a tremendous loss.
• Staff Training and Development. The use of newer technologies
throughout a library system such as Orange County's means that all staff
are now or soon will be working extensively with on line sources and
information. Before the advent of the Internet, library staff could tell a
customer with some confidence, that the material they sought was or was
not in the library Now librarians need training in finding, evaluating
and using the cyber -world of information sources of the Internet, so they
can make informed recommendations to their customers. This requires
constant training and a clearly outlined program of staff development.
• New Technology Purchases. The Library will need to maintain clear-cut
criteria for technology purchases and standards to help evaluate new
acquisitions. Public libraries, by their nature as government- funded
organizations, are not markets for riskier cutting edge technology
Libraries tend to adopt technologies as they mature and applications
specially geared to libraries are introduced. The Orange County Library
Public Library will need to stay current with technology in the library
field, while monitoring the innovations being developed in this area. In
making technology decisions, the Library should seek to balance the
needs of the most advanced computer scientists with the needs of those
without resources and access to technology
• Telecommunications. The Library will need to maintain a state of the art
telecommunications infrastructure to ensure the timely provision of
information. Because the Internet and many on -line databases are
accessed via telecommunications, the Library will become more and
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more dependent on the quality and speed of its telecommunications
infrastructure.
• Obsolescence. A significant financial planning challenge will become
apparent as the Library purchases more computer and electronic
equipment. The capitalization cycle for this equipment is much shorter
than for traditional Library capital equipment such as tables and steel
shelving. Although computers can reliably function for 10 years or more,
in reality they become obsolete in 2 -5 years. Today the lifetime of a
desktop computer is typically estimated at 3 years. For equipment with
heavy public use, three years may be too long.
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7 FINDINGS AND STANDARDS
FOR TUSTIN LIBRARY SERVICES
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48 City of Tustin
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7 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS RELATIVE TO TUSTIN LIBRARY
SERVICES
This chapter provides the case for improving the Tustin Library It covers a
summary of the findings taken from the first part of this study including the facility
evaluation, the community involvement and Tustin s demographic profile. Then it
suggests operating or performance measures that will guide the Library toward a
stronger community -based service. Thirdly this chapter addresses the appropriate
facility size for the community of Tustin and North Tustin.
(1 ) Findings Provide Support for Improving the Library Facility
• The population of the City of Tustin was estimated by the Department of Finance to
be 66,420 as of January 1 1998. The City's population has grown by 31%
(15 731 residents) since the 1990 census. Tustin is fairly young community Just
under half (45 %) of the City's residents in 1990 were between 22 and 44 years of
age. More recent school enrollment figures indicate that the City's ethnic diversity is
greater than the 1990 Census indicates, since the Tustin Unified School District's
enrollment for 1997 reflects the following make -up: 42% White; 41% Hispanic; 9%
Asian; and 5% African American.
• More than half of Tustin Unified School District's students are enrolled in the sixth
grade or below educational levels in which students are endeavoring to learn and
master reading, spelling and other basic academic skills.
• There are at least three projects currently underway which are expected to impact the
size of the City's population in the next several years. The MCAS reuse plan and the
completion of the East Tustin development are projected to increase the number of
residents to approximately 73,030 in the City's incorporated area, an increase of
6,610 residents over the City's estimated January 1998 population of 66,420. An
additional 26,000 residents in the North Tustin unincorporated areas are also within
the City s sphere of influence.
• There is no financial incentive for the City to withdraw from the County Library to
establish an independent municipal library The revenue and expense information in
chapter 3 of this report shows that current Tustin Library revenues are insufficient to
cover the cost of operations. After conducting this initial financial analysis, the
project has been conducted with the assumption that the Tustin Library will continue
to be a part of the Orange County Library
• The Library facility is twenty -four years old, and is approaching the end of its usable
life, unless significant renovation is undertaken. The lighting is, at best, subdued,
and is inadequate in the stack areas where clear illumination all the way to the floor is
necessary The Library is showing signs of the heavy constant use it receives.
Approximately one thousand people visit the library daily on the busier days. This
is a very significant level of use, and at this rate, the typical building systems wear
out much more rapidly - -from the front doors to the plumbing.
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' • All groups interviewed as part of the public participation element of this study
strongly expressed the desire that the Library serve the educational needs of
children. There was also an emphasis on the Library as the meeting place for all
'
Tustin s cultures and ethnic groups. All groups felt that the Library staff was
friendly and helpful.
' • The groups interviewed felt there needed to be a concentration on the physical
comfort and attractiveness of the facility Additionally there was strong interest in
improving technology access and service offerings using technology
1 • Three of the groups wanted to see the Library be more like a bookstore, with
friendly signage and providing comfortable chairs as well as food and drink.
1 • Community Town Hall Meeting participants felt that the Tustin Library was
limited in its collections, programs and services by the size of the facility
' • Several factors indicate that extensive use of technology and on -line services and
resources may in fact, increase the need for the more traditional library services.
1 • Increased availability of technology and information is increasing the use of public
libraries. The way people use libraries is changing.
1
— The Library's role in meeting the educational needs of school age students
' - The Library's role in bringing community members together across cultural
and ethnic boundaries
— Needs for an expanded facility include a physically attractive and
1 comfortable environment, with easy access to technology
' (2 ) Measuring Library Performance Over Time Will Show
Progress Toward Services Based on Community Needs.
1
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' Using output measures to establish a baseline and evaluate The
Tustin Library's performance is recommended as a key part of this
Report. These measures will allow the services provided to be tailored to
the needs and requirements of the community The American Library
For over a decade, many public libraries in the United States have
measured their library services from the perspective of the customer by
using output measures. Before this time, public libraries relied on state or
even national standards to determine the level of service needed in a
community The last national standards were issued in 1964 After that,
the state of California was one of 4 states that - -in the absence of national
standards- -chose not to develop standards for public library service. The
current approach to developing services based on the community rather
than state or national standards provides many opportunities for service
to directly reflect community needs and interests.
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Association has published several books and workbooks to help staff
develop and report on these measures of service. The Orange County
Library is using some of these measures, and if the County Library staff
will be the ones collecting and reporting these measures to the City of
Tustin officials, more discussion should take place between County
Library staff and the City regarding the amount of time needed to develop
and report on these measures; the format of reports; and the frequency of
the reports.
Measuring public library effectiveness should be multi-
dimensional, and should include efficiency cost - effectiveness, quality
and relation to community needs. Each of these dimensions brings an
evaluative component which should not be viewed without the other
dimensions. Some examples of output measures for the major service
areas of a public library are:
Reference. Librarians provide patrons with answers to
questions, guidance in using reference materials and sources, and
recommendations for further research. Usually reference services are
provided in the children s area as well as the general reference area of the
library Possible output measures for reference services include:
• Number of reference questions answered by librarians.
• Number of work hours spent on reference services (This will
help determine the number of reference questions answered per
work hour, or the efficiency of the service).
• Accuracy of reference questions answered.
• Patron satisfaction with reference services (timeliness, customer
service skills, etc.).
Programs. Library staff provide programs and a variety of
services to encourage library use and reading by children and their
parents and all community members. These include Library tours, story
times, summer reading programs, cooperative school and class visits,
book discussion groups, author programs, and special programs targeted
to specific age or ethnic groups or larger community events. Programs
are provided in the library or at another site in the community Output
measures of programs include:
• Number of people attending programs.
• Number of hours spent preparing and conducting the program
(This will determine the number of work hour per program or the
efficiency of the service).
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• Patron satisfaction with program (This can be determined by
survey).
Circulation Services. The activity of checking out library
materials, handling overdue fines and fees, obtaining materials not
currently in the library and maintaining patron records are basic to library
services. While many of these functions are currently being replaced by
technology it remains a staff - intensive function. Output measures for
circulation services include:
• Number of items checked out.
• Number of hours spent on check out and check in functions (This
will determine the efficiency of this service).
• Number of patrons registered; number of patrons registered as a
percentage of city population; number of patrons registered who
live in another city or area.
• Number of materials shelved within a specified time period so
they are available to patrons.
• Percentage of materials on the shelf in accurate order
• Number of overdue notices generated; amount of overdue fines
received.
• Length of time it take to obtain an item from another library
(Interlibrary Loan).
• Patron satisfaction with circulation services (This is determined
by survey).
Collection Services. The process of selecting and acquiring
and making available library materials is a complex series of activities,
typically involving almost the entire library staff. It is particularly
important that the collection reflect the needs and interests of the
community, and because of this, the measures of patron satisfaction are
critical to this service area. Both Children s and Adult collections should
be evaluated. Output measures for collections include:
• Success rate for patrons searching for a particular title, author or
subject (This is determined by survey).
• Number of circulations divided by the number of items held in
the Library (Turnover rate).
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• Percent of orders for library materials filled within a specified
number of days.
• Number or percent of items processed within a specified number
of days after receipt.
• Number or percent of items cataloged within a specified number
of days after receipt.
• Number of items ordered, processed and cataloged each year.
• Average number of days from a patron s request until it is
checked out to the patron.
• Percent of the library's collection evaluated and withdrawn from
circulation.
• Annual change (percent) in the size of the library's collection;
new items added.
These output measures are useful with policy makers, staff and the public review
them and use them to evaluate the library's progress toward established goals and
objectives. This progress is best measured over time, and when compared with the
starting point. That is, the degree of change in a measure from year to year helps
everyone see the impact of changes in service philosophy funding, and in the goals and
objectives themselves.
(3 ) Library Space Guidelines Require Careful Application to the
Local Library.
The current adopted service standard for libraries in the Orange County
Public Library system is .2 square feet per capita. This is by far the lowest
standard in currently use in metropolitan California libraries. There is a strong
case to be made for a higher standard. However, even at this level, the projected
population of Tustin, and the North Tustin area would seem to indicate that a
larger facility is called for even at this low standard. The combined population of
Tustin and North Tustin is 99,030, and this population, at the .2 square feet per
capita rate indicates the need for a facility nearly 20,000 square feet in size.
In the public library field, there has been a generally accepted standard of
.5 square feet per capita. The standard should never be taken as a rigid rule,
however, since each community has individual and unique library needs. When
embarking on new construction, the opportunity also exists to include some
partnerships or private- sector entrepreneurial activities such as a copy center,
book store, coffee shop or other retail enterprise. These activities should not be
included in the calculations for estimating the amount of space required for a
public library facility
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There is some evidence that this .5 square foot per capita guideline is
increasing. In analysis of recently completed new public library building
projects, California projects reasonably comparable to Tustin s situation
averaged .54 square feet per capita. Data from this analysis are outlined in the
table which follows below.
FY 96 -97 California Library Construction:
New Buildings Completed (1)
(1) Excludes two branch facilities of 2,400 sq. ft. or less and one main /system headquarters facility of
approximately 143,000 sq. ft. Information is from Library Journal, December 1997
To set a standard for the space needed for the Tustin Library it will be
necessary to compromise between the existing and generally accepted public
Library standard, and the Orange County Library standard. To develop a facility
larger in comparison to the neighboring branches would be a difficult balancing
act in terms of budget and allocation of resources such as technology and
programs such as literacy In order to accomplish such a compromise, we are
recommending the use of .3 square feet per capita. To clarify how the figure
should be used, the following are offered:
• This figure is based on the build out projections for population of
Tustin and North Tustin.
• Actual square feet per capita will change with population growth
every year, while facilities are constructed in large increments.
• The entire population of North Tustin is included in this calculation,
although at some point in the next 10 years, a facility of
approximately 5,000 square feet will probably be built in the Peters
Canyon area, and will attract some of the North Tustin residents to
this small branch of the Orange County Library
• Some staff work areas will still be required in new construction for
circulation and programming activities related to the new facility
This does not duplicate the administrative and technical support
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 31
Location
Est. Sv•
Populatio
Gros •
Sq. Ft
Facilit
Typ
Sq. Ft
Per Capit.
1
Belvedere Tiburon
11,001
10,501
Main
0.95
NE
Danville
62,001
17,001
Branc
0.2
NE
Foster City
30,001
34,151
Branc
i
Lancaster
123,001
48,721
Branc
0.41
E
Los Angeles
44,001
9,035
Branc
0.21
`Los
Angeles
75,001
17,543
Branc
0.23
NE
lommil
Oakland
20,001
15,501
Branc
0.78
San Diego
21,001
13,101
Branc
0.6
a
San Diego
50.001
12,48
Branc
0.25
Average
0.5.
(1) Excludes two branch facilities of 2,400 sq. ft. or less and one main /system headquarters facility of
approximately 143,000 sq. ft. Information is from Library Journal, December 1997
To set a standard for the space needed for the Tustin Library it will be
necessary to compromise between the existing and generally accepted public
Library standard, and the Orange County Library standard. To develop a facility
larger in comparison to the neighboring branches would be a difficult balancing
act in terms of budget and allocation of resources such as technology and
programs such as literacy In order to accomplish such a compromise, we are
recommending the use of .3 square feet per capita. To clarify how the figure
should be used, the following are offered:
• This figure is based on the build out projections for population of
Tustin and North Tustin.
• Actual square feet per capita will change with population growth
every year, while facilities are constructed in large increments.
• The entire population of North Tustin is included in this calculation,
although at some point in the next 10 years, a facility of
approximately 5,000 square feet will probably be built in the Peters
Canyon area, and will attract some of the North Tustin residents to
this small branch of the Orange County Library
• Some staff work areas will still be required in new construction for
circulation and programming activities related to the new facility
This does not duplicate the administrative and technical support
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functions now housed in the Administrative headquarters of the
Orange County Library Staff work areas are included in the
calculation of the standard.
• While the .3 figure represents gross square feet per capita, it should
not include any commercial or partnership activities in the calculation.
• This estimate of needed square feet is based on the Tustin Library
remaining a branch of the County Library system; if however the
City were to withdraw from the County Library system, additional
space would be needed for the administrative, technology and
support functions now performed at the County Library
headquarters.
Based on these statements, we are recommending that the Tustin Library space
needs are .3 square feet per capita, or approximately 30,000 square feet. This means that
the current facility of 15,000 square feet is inadequate to meet community needs, and
additional space will be needed.
(4 ) Facility Expansion Alternatives
The current facility has an excellent location, according to the community
participants. This location should be maintained if at all possible, as it is convenient to
transportation corridors, schools and is centrally located in the City The alternatives for
expanding the library services were developed based on the Library remaining in its
current general location in the Civic Center. Alternative sites outside the Civic Center
area were not considered.
It should be noted that in evaluating facility expansion alternatives, it was
assumed that the Tustin Library would continue to be a part of the Orange County
Library System. The base level financial analysis in Chapter 3 indicates that the revenue
the Tustin Library generates is not sufficient to cover the operating costs. Because of
this, there is no financial incentive for the City to withdraw from the County Library and
establish an independent municipal library There will be additional costs to operate a
larger facility and this additional cost will be subject to negotiation between the City and
County Library While the City may shoulder the cost of the expansion, there will still
be an imbalance between revenues and expenses. Chapter 9 outlines the anticipated
operating costs for an expanded facility
Also not considered was the option to build an additional branch facility In this
consultant's experience, branch libraries do not significantly reduce the volume of
activity in the main or central library but result in duplication of materials, staff and
costs. The City of Tustin does not occupy a land area sufficiently large enough to
justify the expense of the duplication. Rather the expansion of the existing facility will
allow depth of collections, concentration of staff and programming efforts, and
efficiency of operation. The community participants were almost unanimous in their
belief that an expanded central facility was preferable to an additional branch facility
Therefore, this analysis considered only the expansion of the existing library
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 32
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There are several ways to develop a library of 30,000 square feet in the current
Civic Center location. They are:
Alternative A Add a second story onto the existing facility
Alternative B Add a wing onto the existing facility. a 15,000 square
foot single story addition and remodel
Alternative C Remove the existing facility and construct a new
facility in the same place.
A key factor in making the decision about which approach to take with facility
expansion is the cost effectiveness of each alternative, both in terms of capital or
construction costs, and in operating costs. In general terms, current library construction
costs are approximately $325 per square foot, not including additional materials,
possible temporary relocation of the library and some technology costs. The actual
costs for such a facility depend on the additional services desired and any improvements
or changes to the existing Civic Center required as a result of the library construction.
In estimating costs at this preliminary stage, it is appropriate to establish a range and
work to develop more accurate estimates as the configuration of the facility and its
contents is developed.
Preliminary estimates for each alternative are shown in the matrix below
Inflation and the state of the economy at the time of soliciting construction bids could
also affect these estimates. Not included in the estimates at this time are the costs for
additional materials and technology upgrades.
Estimated Costs for Library Expansion Alternatives
Each of these options will need careful consideration and architectural evaluation
before the most practical option can be finally selected. However following is a brief
analysis of each of the options, with the considerations that must be taken into account.
The next chapter provides background information about how public library
facilities in California are financed, and what practical sources of funding are available to
the City of Tustin.
David M. Griffith & Associates
Page 33
Alternative A
Alternative B
Alternative C
Land Ace uisition
$1,594,825
'.1,594,825
$2,998,650
Temporary Library
Relocation
520,000
520,000
0
Construction
4,484,700
3,882,450
5,527,500
Fixtures,
Furnishings,
E. ui .ment
850,000
850,000
850,000
Design &
Mana • ement
540,000
535,000
700,000
Total
'.7,989,525
7,382,375
.10,076,150
Each of these options will need careful consideration and architectural evaluation
before the most practical option can be finally selected. However following is a brief
analysis of each of the options, with the considerations that must be taken into account.
The next chapter provides background information about how public library
facilities in California are financed, and what practical sources of funding are available to
the City of Tustin.
David M. Griffith & Associates
Page 33
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• •
8 FINANCING PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDINGS
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41, City of Tustin
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8 FINANCING PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDINGS
An essential component of planning for future Library facilities is the
development of a strategy for funding the construction of new facilities. The
construction of a library facility can be financed using funds secured from a variety of
entities including local, state, federal or private sources. The challenge facing the City of
Tustin is the development and implementation of a financing strategy which will allow
for construction of a new facility as well as the additional incremental operating cost
such a facility would require.
It is our opinion that the City of Tustin has only two basic options for financing
the cost of future library facilities. The first option is 'pay as you go meaning the use
of cash from either City sources or external sources which is used to pay for facility
design and construction costs as the project proceeds. The second option is to use some
form of debt financing to borrow the funds required to pay for design and construction
costs, with repayment of the debt from City resources over time.
The City of Tustin is interested in identifying alternative funding sources which
might be available to support the construction and operation of the proposed future
facility
The sections of this report which follow provide background regarding trends in
funding the cost of public library facility construction and information about current
funding source options.
(1 ) Local Government Funds Have Provided The Vast Majority
Of Funding For Public Library Construction In The United
States During The Last Thirty Years.
Since the late 1960's, local government sources have provided most of
the funds spent on the construction of public library facilities in the United
States. According to a recent text titled Financing Public Library Buildings by
Richard B Hall (the current Bond Act Manager for the California State Library),
local sources accounted for seventy -eight percent (78 %) of the total amount
spent on construction of public library facilities in the U.S between the late
1980's and the early 1990's. The table which follows provides data on funding
sources used to support the construction of new library buildings in the United
States since the early 1990's. As the data indicate, local funds have continued to
be the largest source of support for the construction of new library facilities:
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New U.S. Public Library Buildings
Construction Funding By Source
FY 91 -92 to FY 96 -97
in millions
Period
Funds Ex•ended B Source
Total
Federal
State
Local
Gift
FY 92
9.8
10.7
230.8
16.4
267.7
FY 93
4.3
26.3
208.2
28.8
267.6
FY 94
4.4
45.5
203.6
17.6
271.1
FY 95
10.5
31.0.
268.6
25.4
304.5
FY 96
17.7
32.0
301.9
57.4
409.0
FY 97
4.5
73.0
228.7
31.1
337.3
Total
of Total
51 2
2.8%
187 5
10.1%
1 441 8
77.6%
176 7
9.5%
1 857 2
100.0%
Source: Library Journal (December 1997).
Financial support for the construction of new library building projects
completed in California during FY 96 -97 were reported in the December 1997
issue of Library Journal as follows:
• Federal funds - .5%
• State funds 17%
• Local funds - 74%
• Gift funds - 8%
The data for California indicate that funding trends for the construction of
new library buildings in California are consistent with national trends. In light of
the state and national trends, it would appear that the City of Tustin should
expect the vast majority of support for the construction of future public library
facilities to come from local sources.
Local funds are derived from several sources. Among the sources
available to municipal governments today are the development of a benefit
assessment district, the general obligation bond and Redevelopment Agency
funds.
• A benefit assessment district is one financing tool that enables local
governments to charge a levy on real property benefiting from a
public project. For a benefit assessment to be legal, it must provide a
direct or special benefit to the property above and beyond the general
benefits received throughout the area. Because the assessment is to
be levied on the amount of benefit received, it is not considered a tax.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 36
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City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
• General Obligation Bonds represent the City's commitment to repay
borrowed funds. It is paid back form the total City revenue base. It is
general, rather than specifically dependent on revenues from one
department or service area. General Obligation Bonds differ from the
formation of a benefit assessment district in that specific direct or
special benefit is not quantified, and the repayment is based on the
general revenues of the City
• Since 1996, Redevelopment Agency funds have been programmed
for improvements in the vicinity of the existing Library site which is
located in the Town Center Redevelopment Project Area. According
to City staff, the Agency now needs to focus on economic
development projects that generate new tax- increment projects rather
than using RDA funds for major public improvements in the Town
Center Project Area. However some savings from a recent Town
Center refinancing may be available for reprogramming in an amount
not to exceed $I 4 million dollars, or approximately $86,000 per
year to the year 2016. A key consideration will be the issue of
benefit when the Tustin Library serves an area larger than the Town
Center Project Area and even extends beyond the City's jurisdictional
boundaries to the North Tustin sphere of influence.
(2.) Recent "Take- Backs" Of Local Revenues By The State Have
Severely Strained Local Jurisdictions' Budgets. Special Or
New Revenues Will Probably Be Needed By Tustin To Fund
The Construction of New Library Facilities In The Near
Future
The likelihood that a significant proportion of future library facility
construction projects funding will have to come from local sources presents a
substantial challenge for local jurisdictions in California. California cities and
Counties have experienced severe financial constraints during the 1990's as a
result of the State's recession and State `take - backs' of property tax and other
locally- generated revenues.
If local sources are in fact needed to make a significant contribution to the
financing of future library construction programs, it is likely that these local
sources will have to be generated by either special or new revenues. Appendix D
of this study provides our analysis of the City's option to use a parcel tax, a
potential new local revenue source, to provide both capital and operating costs
for a new or expanded facility
Although grants for the construction of library facilities are significantly
more limited than in the past, the County Library has received some grant money
for library facilities, and may receive such grants in the future. Clearly grants
are not a reliable source of funding and the City is well- advised not to depend on
them to support its basic library capital needs. However the potential for grants
could play into the service level issue discussed above. For example, if the City
and/or County should decide that its funding should be based on the threshold
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 37
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City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
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population ratio of 0.5 square feet per capita instead of the recommended 0.3
square feet per capita, it might pursue grants to enhance the service level in an
effort to achieve the higher level.
(3 ) Legislation To Create State Bond Financing To Support The
Construction Of Public Library Facilities Has Recently Been
Introduced In The California Legislature. To Take Effect,
This Measure Must Be Anproved By The Legislature,
Governor And Then By The Statewide Electorate.
The California State Library administers state funds appropriated to
support the construction of public library facilities. Although there is no state
funding currently available to support the construction of public library facilities,
legislation recently introduced to create a new state funding source was not
adopted. The California Library Construction and Renovation Bond Act of 1998
(SB 2026), sponsored by the California Library Association and introduced by
Senators Rainey and Burton, was proposed to create $500,000,000 in state bond
funding. It will be reintroduced during the next legislative session, and has a
stronger chance of passage, since it will not be competing with school bond
bills. The Library legislation was designed to support library facility projects
including:
• acquisition or construction of new public library facilities,
• additions to existing public library facilities;
• remodeling or rehabilitation of existing public library facilities;
• purchase and/or installation of library furnishings and equipment as
part of a funded construction or remodeling project.
The Bond Act would have been used to fund 65% of the total costs of
individual projects ranging from a minimum of $100,000 to $20,000,000. Grant
recipients would be required to provide matching funds of 35% from any
available source. Land donated or otherwise acquired to provide the site for the
facility as well as architectural fees for plans and drawings may serve as credit
toward the 35% match requirement. The bill provides for project funding criteria
which includes consideration of all of the following:
• needs of urban and rural areas;
• population growth;
• age and condition of existing library facility.
• degree to which the existing library facility is inadequate in meeting
the needs of the residents in the library service area and the degree to
which the proposed project responds to the needs of those residents;
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 38
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0 City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
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• the degree to which the library's plan of service integrates appropriate
electronic technologies into the proposed project; the degree to which
the proposed site enhances utilization of the proposed project by the
residents in the library service area.
To be placed on a statewide ballot for voter approval, SB 2026 must be
approved by both houses of the State Legislature and signed by the Governor As a
statewide referendum, the measure requires approval by a simple majority (51 %) of
voters to become law It should be noted that 1998 is the second year of the State
Legislature s two -year session. As such, bills that are not approved by the Legislature
expire at the end of the session and have to be re- introduced during the next session.
We are advised by the California Library Association Legislative Coordinator that SB
2026 will be reintroduced at the earliest opportunity during the next legislative
session.
Given that the California Library Construction and Renovation Bond Act
of 1998 was just defeated, it is unclear what modifications will be made to the bill for
re- introduction, as well as its chances of successfully moving through the next
legislative process, including signature by the Governor There have been at least
three similar pieces of legislation introduced in the State Legislature since 1994 None
of the prior three bills were approved by both houses of the Legislature; as such,
none reached either the Governor or the electorate for approval.
It should be noted that the authors of SB 2026 are composed of a bi- partisan
team; in addition, one of the authors, Senator Burton, holds a powerful legislative
position as the current Senate Speaker Pro Tem; these sponsors will likely continue
their sponsorship of the re- introduced legislation. In addition, the State s general
economic circumstances are vastly improved over that of the mid -1990 recession years
when the earlier bills were introduced. Some or all of these factors could help the
course of this bill; however it is impossible to predict the ultimate outcome.
Finally considering that the construction of so many public library facilities
in the State has been delayed or deferred in the recent past, competition for State bond
funds, should they become a reality will be intense. Only those projects that have
nearly completed plans and complete funding packages will be competitive.
(4 ) Federal Sources Do Not Appear To Offer Any Substantive
Funding Alternatives At This Time.
Historically the most important source of federal funds for public library
facilities has been the Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title II.
The original legislation was signed into law by President Johnson in 1964 The
purpose of the LSCA was to promote the extension of public libraries and to
provide for the construction of new public library buildings or the improvement
of existing buildings. This federal program has had three major phases since its
inception. During the thirty -three years since the inception of the program, a total
of $341 million has been appropriated by the federal government. The LSCA
Title 11 funds were administered through a competitive process by the California
State Library
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ary Needs Assessment
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Appropriations for the program have decreased considerably in recent
years. The California State Library is currently administering one LSCA Title II
program for which $1.3 million was appropriated for the entire state of
California. Grant awards which are currently under review, will be made for a
maximum of $650,000 per project. The reauthorization of LSCA became the
Library Services and Technology Act (replacing the word construction with
technology). It is unclear whether there will be future appropriations by
Congress for library construction. However unless future appropriations are
considerably larger, the magnitude of California s current appropriation suggests
that this source would not make a significant contribution toward Tustin s
facility funding needs. In addition, due to the competitive nature of the grant
award process, LSCA funds would not appear to be a viable alternative funding
source.
There are a few other federal funding sources which may be accessed to
support or contribute toward the support of public library facilities. These
sources, however generally are targeted for specified types of communities or
purposes as opposed to more general library development purposes. These
special- purpose funding programs do not appear to be applicable to Tustin s
situation. Examples of these special- purpose federal funding sources include:
• Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program which
targets efforts that: (1) benefit low and moderate income persons,
(2) eliminates or prevents slums and blight or (3) meets other
urgent community development needs because of a threat to the
health and welfare of the community The City of Tustin receives
approximately $750,000 million annually in CDBG funds which
are allocated through a competitive process to projects proposed
by the City or community based agencies. Low to moderate
income neighborhoods are defined as those in which the majority
of resident households (51% or more) are below 80% of the
regional median income level for a family of four In Tustin, this
requirement means that a project supported by CDBG funds the
needs to primarily benefit individuals whose household income is
$40,650 or less.
• National Endowment for the Humanities Challenge Grant
Program provides funds to assist nonprofit institutions in
developing new sources of long -term support for educational,
scholarly preservation and public programs in the humanities.
This program has a special initiative to assist public libraries in
creating endowments that support the humanities. This program
is however quite small, offering grants up to a maximum of
$150,000.
• National Park Service Historic Preservation Grants -in -Aid
Program provides funds to local jurisdictions for the acquisition,
preservation or development of properties listed in the National
Register of Historic Places. This source obviously is not useful
for construction of new facilities.
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City of Tustin
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(5 ) Private Fundraising Campaigns Have Historically Raised
Limited Amounts. Despite Recent Success Experienced B y
Some California Communities. This Approach Does Not
Appear To Be Appropriate For Tustin's Circumstances.
In recent years, a few California communities and some communities in
other parts of the United States have launched successful campaigns to raise
funds from private donors to either fund or supplement other funding for library
facility construction projects. According to Financing Public Library Buildings,
there have been numerous single- benefactor gifts of sites and even entire
buildings; however this text suggests that there have not been many well -
organized private funding campaigns for library facilities in the U.S. Based on a
review of private capital campaign data published in Library Journal, only forty
campaigns raised $1 million or more in a twenty -four year period. Of the forty
campaigns, two campaigns raised substantive sums (Richmond, TX $8.0
million and Dallas, TX $11 million); the remaining thirty -eight campaigns raised
from $1.0 to $4.2 million dollars. The project team is aware of a few Northern
California communities that have implemented successful capital campaigns for
local public library facilities in recent years. These communities drew in large
measure, upon local donors including private individuals, community groups
and industry within the jurisdiction.
With adequate planning, resources and professional direction, a capital
campaign could potentially provide a portion of the capital needed for a new
library facility particularly in a community which possesses private individuals
and industry willing to make substantive donations. It is likely that, to be
successful, such an approach would require some type of public - private
partnership in recognition that a public library is accessible to all citizens and, as
such, significant support would still need to be provided from public resources.
It would not seem likely that this approach would provide adequate funds for
completing the project.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 41
• •
9 OPERATING COSTS FOR AN EXPANDED FACILITY
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0 City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
9 OPERATING COSTS FOR AN EXPANDED FACILITY
An expansion of the Tustin Library to 30,000 square feet represents a doubling
of the existing space. Depending on the altemative method of expansion selected, the
operating costs will vary with Alternative A (add a second story onto the existing
facility) being the most expensive in terms of staff and some duplication of materials. In
this chapter we will explore the basic components of library branch operating costs and
make some estimates that will be useful for planning purposes.
It is important to remember that the estimates provided here are made before the
Library's building program and design are developed, and that some ideas and
suggestions incorporated during those stages may impact operating costs. More precise
estimates of operating costs can be developed as the building is further developed. The
purpose of the information included in this chapter is to provide assistance in planning
for the expanded library
In developing this estimate, we decided to continue the Library's current
designation as a Branch Library even though the proposed size (30,000 square feet)
will make it one of the largest branches in the Orange County Library system. There are
currently three branches designated as regional libraries in the system. These libraries
have larger collections and staffs than the branch libraries. The regional libraries receive
an additional funding amount before branch formulas are applied during the budget
process. The Library Advisory Board and the Board of Supervisors would be
responsible for changing the designation of the Tustin Branch. At the current time, the
neighboring Heritage Park Library is Irvine is designated a Regional Library
Salaries and Benefits. This category contains the costs for providing staff
to operate the Library Salaries are based on the current salaries and classifications used
in the Orange County Library System. Estimates are based on the top step of salaries,
so there may be some savings when the budget is applied to current staff incumbents.
Approximately 16 FTE will be required to operate an expanded facility at the current
level of service. This is approximately 25% more staff than currently work in the
branch, and these positions are needed to handle the increased amount of public service
that will result from the expansion. The community involvement phase of this study
showed that a significant number of people are currently choosing not to use the Tustin
Library due to limitations of the collection; presumably when the expansion is complete
and additional materials are included in the collection, these patrons will return to the
Tustin Library resulting in the need for additional staff. Typically libraries experience
great increases in usage when renovation or expansion projects are undertaken. This
increase in use should be anticipated and included in any operating plan. The table
following shows the current and proposed staffing levels for an expanded facility
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 42
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
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Tustin Library
Proposed Staffing
For Expanded Facility
Position
FTE
Current
FTE
Pro.osed
Function
Sr. Administrative Librarian
1.00
1.00
Branch Manaaer
Librar S•ecialists
2.00
3.00
Reference & Children s Librarians
Librar Assistants
2.50
3.00
Reference & Children's Services
Office Su.ervisor
1.00
1.00
Circulation/Clerical Su Iervision
Libr Clerk
3.50
4.00
Circulation Services
Pages
2.00
4.00
Circulation Services, Shelvin •
Total
12.00
16.00
With an expansion such as this one, there are opportunities to improve efficiency
through the acquisition of new technologies, and thereby keep the increase in the
number of staff lower For example, the self -check machines that provide self- service
check -out of library materials can reduce the staffing needs for circulation. These kinds
of cost - effective applications of technology should be incorporated into a building
program and design. The capital cost of the equipment will rapidly be offset by reduced
operating costs over time.
Facility Operations. This category of operating cost includes building
supplies, maintenance, and utilities necessary to keep the building operational. There
should be some efficiencies in utilities as new energy - efficient systems are installed.
Similarly, there should be some savings in maintenance costs due to efficient design of
an expanded or new facility Supplies for cleaning and maintenance can be expected to
increase in proportion to the actual number of people using the facility
Office Supplies. These are the actual supplies used by library staff and
patrons at the Tustin Library Like the cost of maintenance and cleaning supplies, the
costs for this category can be expected to increase also in relation to the number of
people who use the facility
Library Materials. Library materials will be significantly increased in an
expanded facility because there will be more space available to shelve and display
materials. Currently the branch is hampered by a lack of available shelving, and could
not absorb a major increase in its materials allocation. However, the increased space
should allow for the purchase of new materials and the opportunity to build some depth
in selected subject areas. One part of the Library's construction budget should be a
significant collection development allocation, so that the library has a collection
appropriate for a 30,000 square foot facility when it opens. At the same time, it will take
several years to fully complete the collection and use the space available for materials
shelving.
Equipment Maintenance. The community involvement phase of this study
showed a need for more equipment and increased availability of technology related
services. Therefore, a doubling of the maintenance costs for this equipment is
proposed.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 43
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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9 City of Tustin
rary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
System -Wide Services. These services are provided from the Orange
County Library Headquarters to all member libraries. Services included are general
administrative services such as accounting and human resources; technology systems
and services; library materials acquisitions, cataloging and processing; delivery services;
community and public relations; county -wide overhead costs. These costs for System -
Wide Services are approved annually by the Library Advisory Board and are assigned to
all facilities in the system.
Below is a chart illustrating the proposed costs for an expanded or new library
facility Current facility costs are shown for comparison purposes.
OPERATING COSTS FOR 30,000 SQUARE FOOT FACILITY
Category
Current Facility
New 30,000 Square
Foot Facility
Salaries & Benefits
376,843
500,000
Facili O. - rations
44,215
60,000
Office Su. .lies
5,265
10,000
Libr Materials
154,000
300,000
E. ui.ment Maint.
2,354
5,000
Subtotal
583,777
875,000
S stem - Wide Services
385,742
577,500
Total
969,519
1,452,500
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 44
• •
10 AN ACTION PLAN FOR DEVELOPING
TUSTIN LIBRARY SERVICES
• •
10 AN ACTION PLAN FOR DEVELOPING TUSTIN LIBRARY
SERVICES
There is ample need for improving library services in Tustin. This study has
shown that the current facility is inadequate in a number of significant ways, and addition
of space (whether by addition or creation of a new facility) is called for by any standard in
use today
The City of Tustin has shown great interest in improving library services for its
community and an intention to work collaboratively with the County Library in order to
accomplish this goal. The community participation phase of this study showed a
community knowledgeable about the existing services and about the limitations of the
current facility The young adults in particular, were very skillful in finding the public
library that was most likely to meet their school work needs, and the Tustin Library was
not among their top choices. It seems that there is a significant level of community
awareness of the need for improved library services.
Identifying funding for construction and operating costs are major issues that the
City will soon need to address. This study has covered some of the available options, and
indicated the likelihood of obtaining funding from some sources. It will be important for
the community to advocate for passage of a State Bond Act for public library construction,
if there is any hope that state funding may contribute to the funding mix for this project.
The following section outlines the steps in the process of expanding the library
facility assuming the need for a special election to obtain voter approval for a funding or
bonding action. The time frames included here are approximate; however, there are several
fixed dates relative to holding a special election in March, 1999 If the City chooses not to
go to the voters to obtain funding, then the project can move ahead much more quickly
Constructing a new facility or expanding an existing one is a complex task that will
involve the efforts of many groups and organizations. There are several key participants in
the development of a design for a new facility.
• The community of users
• The community of non -users
• The City staff
• The Library staff
• Volunteers and Friends of the Library
• Physical plant and maintenance staff
• The architectural firm, including engineers and interior design personnel
These people will form the base from which the building design and plan is
generated. If voter approval is necessary then a campaign organization will be needed,
with the ability to raise and expend funds in order to generate support for the measure.
If there is to be a significant effort to raise private funds, then another group will
need to be created. This could be a foundation which might continue to provide additional
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 45
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• City of Tustin
ary Needs Assessment
& Facility Plan
support even after the completion of the expanded facility Chapter 8 of this study covers
this option briefly There are a number of good publications (available at the Library) about
fund raising. If it is desirable to raise funds only for the construction project, then a
professional fund raiser may be added to the team of people helping plan the facility
Many jurisdictions employ a library building consultant to write the building
program and advise the architect in the design stages of a library project. The Orange
County Library staff are experienced in building programming and could serve this
function, reducing the need for additional consulting services. The recent Aliso Viejo
Library is an example of the work done by the Orange County Library staff.
Following in a brief outline of the next steps in the process of expanding and
improving library services in Tustin.
Next Steps In Expanding Tustin Library Services
Date
Oct. — Feb. `99
Feb. 15 1999
March 11 1999
March 22, 1999
March — July `99
March — June `99
June 8, 1999
July — Sept. '99
Sept. — Feb. 2000
Feb. — May 2000
May — June 2000
August 2000
Summer, 2001
Activity
Develop financial plan; poll voters
City Council adopts resolution for election
Official request to call for a special election. Impartial analysis and
arguments due to County election officials
Last date to submit rebuttals
Development of library building program
Campaign for passage of library parcel tax
Special election for parcel tax
Selection of architect
Design development
Plan review
Bids for construction
Construction begins
New Library opens
David M. Griffith & Associates Page 46
• •
APPENDIX A
LIBRARY PROFILE DATA
in I — — 1 — — — M — i _ — — — NM
City of Tustin
Library Needs Assessment and Facility Plan
Appendix A
Tustin Branch Library
Overview of Service Hours
Sunday
Monday 1 I •
Tuesday I
Wednesday I` "
Thursday ( '
Friday I` ., _
Saturday •
9 A.M. 1 0 1 1 12 P.M. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P.M.
Source: Orange County Public Library System
David M. Griffith & Associates Page A 1
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APPENDIX B
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
• •
APPENDIX C
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
MEETING NOTES
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•
City of Tustin
Library Nee sessment and Facility Plan
Appendix C
Appendix C
Community Town Hall Meeting
June 4, 1998
1. How do you use the Library?
• For research; books usually have to be obtained from other branches; need more
solid research materials
• Research materials are not here. Only one Internet computer
• I bring my children to the Library
• My children find books they like to read, and go to story hours.
2. What would you like to have in the Library of the future?
• How do we know what we need with dramatically advancing technology
Things are moving so fast, how do we project future needs and how do we
keep up?
• Problem with hours of Library 9 p.m. closing is too early a 10 or 11 p.m.
closing time would be a better time frame for teenagers doing homework.
• Library should be open on Sundays (perhaps not a full day)
• Research materials for art; not enough materials in depth.
• Need a change machine
• There are only a few volumes available for students to do assigned special
projects -- materials on reserve.
• There is a space problem with being able to accommodate more books - -the
Library is not large enough
• The checkout limit of 2 books per subject is constraining.
• Staff very helpful, but constrained by lack of resources.
• The children s librarian is very helpful but how often are they available? Would
like to see someone at the Children s Desk all open hours.
• Story hour space is needed
• How does our Library compare with others?
• School more connected to the Library with class visits
• Need closer coordination between schools and Library
• Should Library and the school libraries work together? Their computers could
tie into the Library In addition, other opportunities for computer system
networking include:
— The Senior Center
— The Family Youth Center
— Access from home
— The Boys and Girls Club
• With growth/demographics of Tustin, there is a need for a larger Library with
space for separate departments. For example:
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City of Tustin
Library Nee sessment and Facility Plan
Appendix C
— Youth
— Children
— Adults
— Research
— Quiet Study
— Meeting Rooms
— Training Areas/Labs
• Use of mobile units to go out to the community Loved bookmobiles.
• Lots of reading rooms/ areas around departments. Need to make reading areas
inviting with gardens, features like Barnes & Noble
• The Library's the Place to Be!'
3 How should the Library be expanded?
• Better air conditioning
• Better lighting
• A complex/quad area with indoor & outdoor experiences, and wings, places to
go inside the Library
• A relaxing place
• A haven
• Library instead of a shopping mall
• Program, book reviews, things to pique reader's interest
• Teens want a place to meet others
• All want a place to meet
• Coffee cart/snack area
• Musical series
• Listening area
• Theaters, art galleries (improve atmosphere of Library)
• Community rooms
• Great books discussion groups (for a maximum of 25)
• Living Library
• Community discussion/debate
• Community forums
• Library functions as town square
• A really neat children s hour area that is whimsical and full of fantasy;
inspirational, and in a Location so adult activities are not interrupted.
4. What should the Library look like?
• More homey
• Have indoor /outdoor spaces
• Access to the outside more immediate
• Kids size entrance or special portal
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City of Tustin
Library Nee sessment and Facility Plan
Appendix C
• Need to appeal to the new parts of Tustin (Tustin Ranch) and to Old Town
• Windows and light
• Traditional mix of modern with warmth of familiar
• Fireplace
• Have study tables in stack areas
• A possible central area or wheel radiating out to other wings in the Library (a
road or a hub with spokes of a wheel was the image represented.)
• Reading lofts for kids
• Friends Bookstore needs to be larger and it needs a storage area; perhaps even
better location.
• Need a drop off area
• Book return drive - through
• Need service areas and basic amenities
• Ideally the Library should be part of larger complex, but practical dollar
commitments may present a problem.
— Sometimes the improvement of a facility can create synergy and
partnerships that will enhance and support the Library
— Developing a larger complex (with performing arts, theater, cultural
center, art gallery) could generate congestion and gridlock in the area.
— The Library's key location criteria are: central area with easy access and
high visibility hard to do in a complex.
— The Civic Center complex is already present and an opportunity to
maximize current facilities would be most cost effective.
— Focus should be meeting community Library needs, not on gigantic
complex.
— The Library itself can accommodate lots of these functions on an
individual basis.
5 Is the Library in the right place?
• Parking is a problem
• Parking full when there are other events at City Hall- -need adequate parking
• Needs to be near or closer to schools
• Architecture and orientation could make it effective in its current location
• It is in a good spot.
• Could re -orient the entrance. Put it facing Main Street
David M. Griffith & Associates Page C -9
• •
APPENDIX D
ANALYSIS OF AN APPROACH
FOR FINANCING LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT
•
City of Tustin
Library Needs A ment and Facility Plan
Appendix D
ANALYSIS OF AN
APPROACH FOR FINANCING
LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT
This Appendix presents our evaluation related to financing the development of a
new or remodeled library in Tustin. The chapter opens with description of the key
assumptions employed to develop a potential financing plan.
1 OUR ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT ADDITIONAL REVENUES
WILL NEED TO BE GENERATED TO FUND BOTH CAPITAL AND
OPERATING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW OR
REMODELED AND EXPANDED LIBRARY IN TUSTIN.
As shown earlier in this report, projected costs associated with either building a
new library or remodeling and expanding the existing library are projected to be as follows:
•
•
•
Construction and planning costs estimates for a range of scenarios which
included construction of a new facility and several altematives for
expanding and remodeling the existing facility These costs ranged from $
7.382 million to $ 10.076 million.
In addition, it is projected that the new facility would also require a one -time
expenditure of $ 500,000 for collection enhancement.
When collection enhancement is included, total project costs would total
from $ 7.9 million to $ 10.6 million depending on the library improvement
and expansion scenario selected.
Based on interviews conducted during the course of the project, it has been
assumed that there is little upfront capital available to apply to the project costs listed above.
Key issues are as follows:
• The Orange County Public Library has no reserves to fund construction.
•
•
The City's capability to contribute upfront capital to offset project costs are
limited to:
A one time contribution of $ 300,000 from the City's capital fund.
The potential to allocate a total of $ 1 4 million from the City's
redevelopment tax increment. These funds would received over the
period through 2011
While there is the possibility of obtaining State Library Construction Funds
if the proposed State of California bond issue for library construction
passes, it has been assumed for the purposes of this analysis, that this
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 1
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ment and Facility Plan
Appendix D
source is uncertain in regard to probability or potential amount and should
not be considered in the financing analysis.
• Development Impact Fees provide little practical opportunity to offset a
significant proportion of project cost since:
The OCPL s standard of .2 square feet of library space per capita
standard makes it impossible to allocate any significant portion of
library development costs to the only area with significant new
development -- the Marine Corps Air Station Property (MCAS).
As a result of previous agreements, development impact fees cannot
be levied on remaining development at Tustin Ranch.
With the exception of these two areas, future development in either
Tustin or the North Tustin unincorporated area will be minimal.
While interviews have indicated that the OCPL has no resources available to fund
capital expansion, it should be noted that $ 500,000 of the total project cost includes a one-
time expenditure to fund expansion of the collection to provide a larger collection consistent
with the larger facility and the expected increase in use of that facility Since the Tustin
library is part of the larger OCPL system, this expanded collection will benefit the entire
library system. Since the City will contribute an estimated $ 300,000 to support capital
development, it would seem reasonable that the OCPL can make an up -front contribution to
fund at least a portion of the collection expansion since this expanded resource will benefit
the entire system. As a result, as planning for the project proceeds, we strongly
recommend that the OCPL share in the cost of the project by supporting a portion of the
collection enhancement costs at least equivalent to the City's contribution of $ 300,000
Since a commitment at this level is uncertain at this time, the analysis which follows
focused on financing capital costs will assume that the full collection enhancement costs
will need to be incorporated into total project financing. To the extent that the OCPL
contributes resources as recommended, capital cost financing requirements would be
reduced.
In addition to the capital cost financing issues noted above, there are also issues
associated with operating costs which will be incurred when a new or remodeled and
expanded library is in full operation.
Operating costs will increase as additional resources will be required to support the
staff, collection replacement, and direct operating costs, and Orange County Public Library
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 2
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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City of Tustin
Library Needs ment and Facility Plan
Appendix D
(OCPL) support costs required to operate the larger library Costs for operating the library
were determined based on the analysis provided earlier in the report. Based on information
provided by the Orange County Public Library annual costs for operating the new 30,000
square foot facility would total about $ 1 45 million as shown in the table which follows:
Cost
Com •onent
Amount
Salaries Sr Benefits
$ 500,000
Facility Operations
60,000
Office Su. 'lies
10,000
Libra Materials
300,000
El ui . ment Maintenance
5,000
Subtotal
$ 875,000
S stem Wide Services
$ 577,500
Annual Total
$1,452,500
To test differences between costs and revenues available to support a new and
1 expanded library we have employed an approach which compares revenues generated in
the library's service area with the cost of services provided. This is consistent with the
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
resource allocation approach toward which the OCPL is moving. Since the Tustin library
serves an area larger than the incorporated area of Tustin, the analysis has included the
North Tustin unincorporated area which is clearly part of the libraries service area. Our
analysis included projecting revenues available to support the library over a planning period
through the year 2020, and employed the year 2000 as the base year when the new library
would be in operation and operating costs would increase. All projections of revenue
associated with the North Tustin area are limited to that portion of the North Tustin
unincorporated area which falls within the City of Tustin s Sphere of Influence. This is
because available data on assessed valuation and future growth available to support the
analysis were Limited to that area. To the extent that portion of the North Tustin
unincorporated area which falls within the City of Orange s sphere of influence would be
added to the service area, revenues could be expected to increase modestly Revenues were
evaluated and projected as follows:
• Revenues related to library operations in Tustin and the Tustin -- North
Tustin Service area (again, limited to that portion of North Tustin included
within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence) were then projected by five
year increment for the planning period through 2015 The following
assumptions were employed to project revenues:
Library related property taxes for Tustin, including the MCAS were
projected based on current assessed valuation (1997 1998 base)
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 3
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ment and Facility Plan
Appendix D
plus new development as projected for the City and the MCAS
property over the planning period. The MCAS library related
property taxes reflect the residual amount after the Redevelopment
Tax Increment and Housing Set Aside were excepted. The library
related property tax rate of .018 was applied to the 25 % of the tax
increment which is shared with other agencies to project revenues
available to support library services from the MCAS area.
The same approach was employed to project library related property
taxes for North Tustin (area as previously defined) with the
exception that a library relayed property tax rate of .017 (average tax
rate for the Orange County Public Library service area) was used for
projection purposes.
All property taxes were projected in current dollars with no
provision for reassessment due to turnover or the 2 % annual
increase for property which does not turnover as allowed by
Proposition 13 Since all cost projections do not consider inflation,
it was felt the analysis would be more representative of comparative
costs and revenues if revenues were projected without turnover or
the 2 % annual increase assumption.
State public library funds related to the Tustin Library were
projected based on current and projected population growth for the
Tustin North Tustin service area at the current rate of $ .58 per
capita.
It was assumed that fine and fee revenue would increase with a
larger library but that rate of increase would be 50 % compared to
the 100 % increase in library size.
Other revenue was projected to remain constant.
We assumed that there would be no City General Fund contribution
to operations over the course of the planning period.
• Costs were then compared to projected revenues, by five year increment,
and annual operating deficits which would need to be covered by an
alternative revenue source determined. Based on these assumptions, costs,
revenues, and projected annual operating deficits related to the Tustin
Library's service area would be as projected by five year increment for the
planning period through 2020 as shown in the table which follows on the
next page.
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Library Needs A • ment and Facility Plan
Appendix D
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
As can be seen from review of the information presented in the exhibit,
projections indicate that there will be a revenue shortfall throughout the planning period
when projected revenues are compared to the costs of operating the larger Tustin library
The analysis contained in this section that additional revenues will be required to
fund capital and operating costs associated with a new or substantially remodeled and
expanded Tustin library The next section addresses how this cost revenue gap could be
closed.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 5
Projected Revenues
Dollars 000)
Type
Revenue
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Property
Tax
1.r
Tustin
$601
$606
$609
$609
$611
MCAS
4
9
16
24
27
North
Tustin *
195
196
199
199
199
Sub -Total
Property
Tax
$ 800
$ 811
$ 824
$ 832
$ 837
Fines/Fees
80
80
80
80
80
PLF
54
54
54
54
54
Other
16
16
16
16
16
Revenue
Total
$ 950
$ 961
$ 974
$ 982
$ 987
Operating Cost
$ 1,453
$ 1,453
$ 1,453
$ 1,453
$ 1,453
Net Annual
Operating
Deficit
($ 503)
($ 492)
($479)
($ 471)
..
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
As can be seen from review of the information presented in the exhibit,
projections indicate that there will be a revenue shortfall throughout the planning period
when projected revenues are compared to the costs of operating the larger Tustin library
The analysis contained in this section that additional revenues will be required to
fund capital and operating costs associated with a new or substantially remodeled and
expanded Tustin library The next section addresses how this cost revenue gap could be
closed.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 5
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
2 OUR ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT A PER HOUSEHOLD
ASSESSMENT WILL NEED TO BE APPROVED TO FUND BOTH
CAPITAL AND OPERATING CO TS ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW
LIBRARY
Additional resources will be required to fund both capital and operating costs
associated with the new Library given the assumptions outlined in the first section. Based
on our analysis, these resources will need to include the following:
In the absence of significant upfront capital to fund construction
development costs, funds will need to borrowed to pay for construction if
that construction is initiated in the near future. Since projected continuing
revenues fall short of projected operating costs for a new library additional
revenues will be required to pay principal and debt service costs if funds are
borrowed to support development and construction of the new library
Concurrently once the library is open, additional resources will be required
to fund operations, and those resources will need to be generated on a
continuing basis from a new revenue source.
As a result, at this time it has been assumed that a parcel tax/per household
assessment may be required to cover unfunded capital and operating costs and that parcel
tax will need to be approved by a two- thirds vote.
The remainder of this chapter describes the approach employed to estimate the per
household assessments required to generate the additional revenues required to close the
cost - revenue gaps associated with library facility development and operations as described
above. All costs and revenues are presented in terms of current dollars with no provision
for cost inflation or revenue increases resulting from reassessment of existing property
upon turnover or the 2 % assessed valuation increase for existing property allowed under
Proposition 13 In estimating the level of per household assessment necessary we
considered two options:
• The per household assessment would be limited to incorporated Tustin.
•
The per household assessment would be levied across the library's full
service area including both the City and the North Tustin unincorporated
area. Again, because of data limitations, projections related to the North
Tustin area are limited to that portion which falls within the City of Tustin s
sphere of influence. To the extent that the full North Tustin area would be
included, the number of households covered by the assessment would
increase and as a result, the required assessment might be marginally lower
than projected in this report.
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City of Tustin
Library Needs a ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
Participating Area
High Range
Capital Costs
Low Range Capital
Costs
Tustin Only
$ 34
4
$ 24
Capital
O.eratin
$ 23
$ 23
Total Annual Per
Unit Assessment
$ 57
$ 47
Tustin and North
Tustin s
Capital
$ 24
$ 17
O. ratin
$ 17
$ 23
Total Annual Per
Unit Assessment
$ 41
$ 40
3 A PER HOUSEHOLD ASSESSMENT OF ABOUT $ 47 ANNUALLY
WOULD BE REOUIRED TO SUPPORT CONSTRUCTION AND
OPERATION OF A NEW LIBRARY IF THE ASSESSMENT WERE
LIMITED TO THE CITY OF TUSTIN, BUT WOULD DECREASE TO
$ 40 PER HOUSEHOLD ANNUALLY IF THAT ASSESSMENT
INCLUDED BOTH THE CITY AND THE NORTH TUSTIN AREA.
1 This section describes how the per household assessment necessary to generate the
additional required revenues was estimated.
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(1 ) First. the Amount Needed to Fund Construction /Capital Costs
Was Determined.
In the absence of significant upfront capital to fund construction
development costs, it was assumed that funds would need to borrowed to pay for
construction. The following sub - paragraphs illustrate projected costs associated
with this approach. For the purposes of this analysis, it was assumed that
construction would be initiated around the year 2000 and it was assumed that
borrowing would be required to fund the following amounts related to the high and
low range construction/development scenarios.
Total Project Cash Cost
(minus)
City Capital Contribution of $ 300,000
High Range Scenario. Employing the 30,000 square foot new
library alternative, this yields the following:
Total Project Cash Cost: $ 10,576,000
(minus)
City Capital Contribution ( $ 300,000)
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 7
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
Equals Capital Funds to Be Borrowed: $ 10,276,0000.
Low Range Scenario: Employing the least cost scenario for
remodeling and expanding the existing facility yields the following:
Total Project Cash Cost: $ 7,882,000
(minus)
City Capital Contribution ( $ 300,000)
Equals Capital Funds to Be Borrowed: $ 7,582,000.
(2 ) Then. Borrowing Costs Were Estimated.
As noted above, if library construction proceeds and no additional resources
are made available by the City or the County Library to fund construction costs,
from $ 7.6 to $ 10.3 million will need to be borrowed to provide the resources
necessary to support the project. To estimate borrowing and debt repayment costs,
we assumed that a bond would be employed to raise the required capital and
estimated costs associated with utilizing a bond to fund capital costs. Borrowing to
provide the funds outlined above could be funded through a variety approaches,
principal of which would be a General Obligation Bond or a special purpose debt
instrument bond which could be issued by a Mello - Roos Community Facilities
Assessment District. Principal issues associated with these two primary alternatives
are as follows:
• A General Obligation Bond could be issued by the City or the
County to fund the project, but two- thirds voter approval would still
be required to fund the revenue source (assumed to a parcel /per
household assessment) necessary to fund repayment of principal and
interest. If the North Tustin unincorporated area is included in the
financing of the project, it would probably be most appropriate to
issue the General Obligation Bond through the County and establish
a County Service Area to establish the boundaries of the area from
which revenues would be generated.
• If the service area is limited to the City either the City would pursue
approval of the assessment, issue the bond, and use assessment
revenue to repay the bond.
• A Mello Roos District could be formed covering the service area
(City only or City and unincorporated area). However, a two - thirds
vote of approval would still be required to approve any revenue
generating mechanism for the District. Since this approach would
require unestimated legal costs for district formation beyond those
associated with project funding, it is not clear that this approach
offers any practical advantage over those previously noted.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D -8
•
City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
To estimate costs associated with borrowing and repaying funds to support
capital, we employed the following approach:
•
•
Principal was calculated based on the results of net capital funds
require to undertake construction as calculated at the end of
Paragraph 3 (1 ), above.
Investment banking and related bond issuance costs were estimated
based on information provided by an investment banking firm which
specializes in the packaging and placement of public agency debt
issues. This information indicated that debt issues of the potential
scope associated with the Tustin library project ($ 7.6 to $ 10.3
million) would require an additional
$ 100,000 to cover investment banking and related services
associated with the issue. Again, because capital resources are
limited, it has been assumed that these costs would be included in
the total amount to be funded by borrowing. This would require the
following total amount to be funded under the high and low range
scenarios as shown on the next page:
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D -9
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
High Range Project Amount: $ 10,276,000
Financing Costs: 100,000
Total Required: $
10,376,000
Low Range Project Amount: $ 7,582,000
Financing Costs: 100,000
Total Required: $ 7,682,000
It was assumed that the required amount would be borrowed for 20
years and that the current approximate average interest rate for
municipal bonds in California (provided by A.G. Edwards) of 4 %
to 5 % would be employed to estimate interest costs. For the
purposes of this analysis, we have used 5 %
Employing the high and low range scenarios for capital costs,
borrowing and annual payment requirements associated with the two
scenarios were estimated as follows:
High Range Scenario:
Principal payments were calculated by dividing the
$ 10,376,000 by 20 payment periods yielding an average
payment of $ 518,800 per year
Average annual interest cost was calculated as follows:
Total.
Total amount borrowed: $ 10,376,000
Amount Outstanding at the mid -point of the payment period
(Year 10): $ 5,188,000. This reflects average annual
outstanding balance for the 20 year period.
Times .05 for average annual interest rate for the twenty
year period: $ 259 400.
Principal Average Per Year: $ 518,800
Average Debt Service Per Year $ 259,400
$ 778,200
Low Range Scenario:
Principal payments were calculated by dividing the
$ 7,682,000 by 20 payment periods yielding an average
payment of $ 384 100 per year
Average annual interest cost was calculated as follows:
Total amount borrowed: $ 7,682,000
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D -10
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Total
City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
Amount Outstanding at the mid -point of the payment period
(Year 10): $ 3,841,000. This reflects average annual
outstanding balance for the 20 year period.
Times .05 for average annual interest rate for the twenty
year period: $ 192,050
Principal Average Per Year $ 384 100
Average Debt Service Per Year $ 192,050
$ 576,150
• Then, based on the assumption that a portion of the City's
Redevelopment Tax Increment revenue would be available to apply
to the project, it was assumed that $ 1 4 million would be available
to apply to the project, but that this total would be received over the
period from 2000 to 2011 at the amount of $ 116,667 annually
This amount would be available to apply to repayment of the
principal and debt service associated with library improvements.
Given this assumption, unfunded costs for the two scenarios would
be as follows:
_,_., -
Years
Unfunded Annual Payments for Capital
and Debt Service
Low Range
Scenario
High Range
Scenario
2000 2011
$ 459,483
$ 661,533
2012 2020
576,150
778,200
(3 ) Then. the Level of a Parcel Tax or Per Household Assessment
Necessary to Cover Unfunded Capital Retirement and Debt
Service was Calculated.
The following steps were employed to estimate the level of parcel/per
household assessment necessary to cover unfunded capital repayment and debt
service:
• Under one assumption, the analysis assumed that the North Tustin
unincorporated area would be included as part of the total service
area upon which a parcel tax would be levied. All calculations
related to the North Tustin area contained in this report are based on
that portion of the North Tustin unincorporated area which is
included in the City of Tustin s sphere of influence. This included
current assessed valuation, number of parcels and households, and
projected future development. The analysis is limited to this portion
of the North Tustin area based on data availability Data (assessed
valuation; population; parcels; households) for the remainder of the
North Tustin Area at this level of detail was unavailable to support
accurate projections.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 11
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
Under the other assumption, the analysis assumed that the parcel tax
would be Limited to the City of Tustin (including the MCAS property
as it developed).
The number of households were estimated based on information provided
by the City It was assumed that an assessment would be calculated and levied on a
per household/residential unit basis. The table which follows show projected
numbers of units by year given current numbers of units and projected growth in
the areas noted.
Area
2000
2005
2010
2015
Tustin
19,498
19,614
19,641
19,653
MCAS
478
741
1,300
2,191
TOTAL
TUSTIN
19 976
20,355
20 941
21,844
North Tustin *
8,083
8 096
8,186
8 198
TOTAL
28 059
28,451
29,127
30,042
* North Tustin area within the City of Tu tin s sphere of influence.
These projec ions were then divided into the unfunded capital and
debt service costs associated with each of the alternatives as
calculated above to estimate the annual per household assessment
necessary to cover unfunded costs. The projections were developed
for both high and low range development scenarios and based on an
areawide assessment (Tustin and North Tustin), and an assessment
limited to Tustin (including the MCAS). The tables which follow
show these projections with potential assessments calculated based
on the average number of units projected for the periods shown in
the tables which follow on the next page.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 12
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High Range Scenario
City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
1
Estimated Per Household Assessment
Per Year for Ca a ital
Years
Annual
Unfunded
Capital
and Debt
Tustin and North
Tus in *
Tustin Only
Tustin Only
$ 661,533
Number of
Units
28,546
Fee Per Unit
Number of
Units
Fee Per Unit
2000 2011
$ 23
20,424
$ 32
2012 2020
$ 778,200
29,585
$ 26
21,393
$ 36
Twenty
Year
Avera.e
$ 708,200
29,051
$ 24
20 910
$ 34
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence.
Low Range Scenario
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
These projections indicate that the following parcel taxes would be required
to fund capital and debt service costs.
Participating Area
High Range
Capital Costs
Estimated Per Household Assessment
Per Year for Capital
Years
Annual
Unfunded
Capital
and Debt
Tustin and North
Tus in *
Tustin Only
2000 2011
$ 459,483
Number of
Units
Fee Per Unit
Number of
Units
Fee Per Unit
28,546
$ 16
20,424
$ 22
2012 2020
$ 576,150
29,585
$ 19
21,393
$ 27
Twenty
Year
Avera_e
$ 506,150
29,051
$ 17
20,910
$ 24
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
These projections indicate that the following parcel taxes would be required
to fund capital and debt service costs.
Participating Area
High Range
Capital Costs
Low Range Capital
Costs
Tustin Onl
$ 34
$ 24
Tustin and North Tustin
*
$24
$17
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
David M. Griffith & Associates
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
(4 ) A Comparable Approach Was Employed to Estimate the Level
of Assessment Necessary to Fund Projected Revenue
Operating Cost Deficits.
Operating costs and revenue were projected earlier in this chapter and that
analysis indicated that there would be an operating deficit throughout the planning
period through 2020 when operating costs for the larger library are compared to
service area revenues. Those deficits were as follows:
..
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Net Annual Operating
Deficit
($ 503
($ 492)
($479)
($ 471)
$ 466)
Then, it was assumed that a parcel or per household assessment would be
required to fund the deficits noted above in the absence of other practical revenue
sources. Again, as with the parcel fee necessary to cover unfunded capital and debt
service costs, the per household assessment was calculated limited to the City of
Tustin (including the MCAS property) and for the service area which would include
the North Tustin unincorporated area. The next table shows these calculations.
Years
Annual
Unfunded
Operating
Deficit
(000)
Estimated Per Household Assessment
Per Year for Calila!
Tustin and North Tustin
*
Tustin Only
2000
$ 503
Number of
Units
Fee Per Unit
Number of
Units
Fee Per Unit
28.059
$ 18
19.976
$ 25
2005
492
28.451
17
20.355
24
2010
479
29,127
16
20.941
23
2015
471
30,042
16
21,844
22
2020
466
30.053
16
21.855
21
Period
Avera_e
$ 482
29,146
$ 17
20,994
$ 23
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
(5 ) The Results Were Combined to Estimate the Total Assessment
Required to Fund Library Capital and Operating Costs.
David M. Griffith & Associates
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City of Tustin
Library Needs A ent and Facility Plan
Appendix D
Depending on the library improvement scenario analyzed, per household
assessments required to cover unfunded capital and operating cost deficits would be
as summarized in the next table.
Participating Area
High Range
Capital Costs
Low Range Capital
Costs
Tustin Onl
Ca.ital
$ 34
$ 24
O. ratin•
$ 23
$ 23
Total Annual Per
Unit Assessment
$ 57
$ 47
Tustin and North
Tustin *
Ej
!i
Ca.ital
$ 24
$ 17
•• •
$17
$ 23
Total Annual Per
Unit Assessment
$ 41
$ 40
* North Tustin area included within the City of Tustin s sphere of influence
These estimates could vary depending on pace of development and growth;
any grant funds to support capital development which would reduce that portion of
the projected required assessment; OCPL contribution to support all or a portion of
projected collection enhancement costs; and/or any General Fund contribution to
operations by the City which could reduce operating deficits needing to be funded
by an alternative revenue source. They could also be expected to be slightly lower
if the entire North Tustin area was included in the calculations.
David M. Griffith & Associates Page D 15