HomeMy WebLinkAboutNB 3 GRAFFITI TSK FORCE 4-05-93NEW BUSINESS N0. 3
w
,.: N." C � ,-5-93
Inter -Com
DATE: "
MARCH 24, 1993
TO: WILLIAM A. HUSTON, CITY MANAGER
FROM: POLICE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENTS
SUBJECT:
GRAFFITI -CITIZEN TASK FORCE
RECOMMENDATION
Establish a citizen task force to explore methods to halt the spread of graffiti in the City of
Tustin; a City Council representative to the task force; establish an ad hoc committee to
make recommendations to the City Council for membership on the citizen graffiti task force;
and support Senate Bill 583, Senator Lewis' Anti -Graffiti bill.
BACKGROUND
At the City Council meeting of March 15, 1993, Councilmember Puckett suggested the
establishment of a citizen task force to explore methodologies to halt the spread of graffiti
within the City of Tustin. During a preliminary discussion of the potential methodologies
involved in establishing a citizen task force, the staff felt an acronym which depicts the
City's resolve to halt the spread of graffiti within our City may be appropriate. Therefore,
we suggest one possible acronym that would be appropriate would be WAG (War Against
Graffiti). Attached are some discussion points that may be appropriate for the citizen task
force to discuss during their preliminary meetings.
To date the City of Tustin has taken the following actions to halt the spread of graffiti within
the City of Tustin:
1. The City has allocated $45,000 of Community Development Block Grant funds for
graffiti removal. Approximately 58 percent of the total funds available for graffiti
removal during a two-year period have been expended. At this rate, there should be
sufficient funds to continue the graffiti removal for the 24 -month contractual period.
2. A contractor will remove graffiti from private property within a 72 -hour period if the
City has received the appropriate liability release form.
_ 3. Staff has established a policy that precludes more than $1,000 per property to be.
expended for removing repeat graffiti. Staff will advise all property owners of'our
limited resources and the necessity of spreading the graffiti removal resources through
the majority of the community. Staff will continue to meet with property owners to
assist them with preventive measures to help them comply with Section 5706 of the
City Code.
Graffiti - Citizen Task Force
March 24, 1993
Page 2
4. In 1991 the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 1079, which provided for the
removal of graffiti from private property within seven days and prohibited the sale of
spray paint to minors.
5. The Community Development and Police Departments are continually working with
apartment house managers and private residence owners to encourage them to
remove graffiti as soon as is feasible or request the City to do so within a 72 -hour
period. The City has authorized a $250 reward for identification and conviction of
those responsible for the graffiti in the City of Tustin.
The Community Development Department has surveyed cities to determine their
efforts to combat graffiti. The results of the survey indicated offering rewards has
had mixed success in cities such as Fountain Valley, Anaheim, La Habra, South Gate,
Long Beach, and Santa Ana. However, it's still a viable approach and is consistent
with public education.
6. The Police Department is currently working with the middle schools in Tustin to design
posters to be placed in all businesses within the City of Tustin that declare our war
against graffiti. Members of the City Council and the Chamber of Commerce will be
asked to pick the award-winning poster. The Police Department will provide
appropriate rewards for those children who submit the best three entries. The Police
Department expects the contest to be completed byVa}TY�.-
ORANGE COUNTY ANTI -GRAFFITI EFFORTS
1. The Orange County Chiefs of Police and Sheriff's Association (OCCPSA) has produced
a video tape regarding "taggers," which has been distributed to all high school
principals. The intent of the tape is to inform teachers of the "tagging" in Orange
County. Teachers will then begin to inform students regarding their responsibilities.
2. The Orange County Juvenile Court, under the auspices of Juvenile Court Presiding
Judge Briseno, are taking a very active stance regarding the application of graffiti
within Orange County (see attached policy of Judge Briseno).
3. Supervisor Gaddi Vasquez has established an Orange County committee to determine
effective ways to abate graffiti. His committee is focusing on three specific areas:
• County and statewide legislation
• Methods of abatement
• Anti -graffiti education
The Orange County committee will also consider an attempt to recruit corporate
Graffiti - Citizen Task Force
March 24, 1993
Page 3
sponsors who will contribute money and/or support efforts, such as telethons and on-
going educational programs for our youth.
4. Supervisor Harriett M. Wieder, Second District, worked with county agencies as well
as community organizations involved with the gang issue to compile an Orange
County "Anti -Gang Resource Directory." This resource material, which offers a
comprehensive listing of numerous organizations and programs that provide gang
prevention, intervention, and enforcement services, is available to the public at no
cost.
POTENTIAL MEMBERS OF TASK FORCE
In order to ensure input from many different groups/individuals within the City, it is essential
we have as good a cross-section of the community as possible. Outlined below are
suggested individuals/representatives of groups that may serve on the task force:
1. One or more from the corporate section of the City. Corporate participation seems
particularly important, for they will often have funds and/or professional staff that can
contribute to extensive City-wide campaigns, funding mechanisms, art work, etc.
2. Chamber of Commerce.
3. Homeowners' participation.
4. City Council participation.
5. Service club participation.
6. Team member.
7. School district representative.
City staff will be available to provide for legal/professional input to the committee.
6Z,� "240�
W. DOUGLAS FRANKS CHRISTINE SHINGLET
Chief of Police Director
Community Development Department
WDF:kh
Attachments
;5zlTzr:ar Lmuf -af thr
�mznt� �f
Mate of Lalif.arr is
C�z�.gr
Qlk:anlras of March 3, 1993
HON. FRANCISCO P. BRISENO
'frrsiDa(g 3::br5t
OF THE JUVENILE COURT
M -E -M -O -R -A -N -D -U -M
TO: Juvenile Court Bench Officers
FROM: Judge B=iseno
SUBJECT: Graffiti/Tagging Disposition Guidelines
A
BMs; 01,
-u
311tv=ilr T=f
341 THE CITY DRIVE
P. Q BOX 14169
ORANGE, CA 92613-1569
PM .. (71.) 935-7000
1. Each judicial officer has discretion to decide each case on
a case-by-case basis. Community safety, minor's rehabilitation
and the provision of Section 201 W&I governs the judicial
officer's exercise of discretion. However, to attempt to achieve
overall consistency between the various departments, the
following guidelines are provided:
A. If vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging is done on
freeway/freeway walls:
20 days Cal Trans Work Program involving graffiti removal
or 100 hours community service (graffiti removal)
$250 fine plus penalty assessment, payment of restitution,
Restriction or suspension of driver's license for one year.
180 days custody -- stayed pending satisfactory completion
of above tears. Other standard conditions of probation.
Violate no law, search and seizure, no spray paint,
markers, etching devices (use, possession) or any other
graffiti paraphernalia.
B. If Vandalism is done at School/City:
20 days CWP at school or community where damage was done
[or County graffiti removal program, if school or city
unable to handle the case) or 100 hours of community
service.
$250 fine plus penalty assessments, restitution, license
restriction./suspension for one year.
180 days custody (stayed pending satisfactory completion of
probation terms) Search and seizure, no graffiti
paraphernalia.
�aazsar �aas: of Lkr Mate of yt�_F,....:�
' �atatSa of �razust
Graffiti/Tagging Disposition Guidelines
March 3, 1993
C. Other Areas:
20 days CWP or
100 hours community graffiti removal
$250 plus penalty assessments
Restitution
CDL restriction/suspension for one year
-
180 days custody -- stayed
Search and seizure
No graffiti paraphernalia, no
devices (use, possession)
Page Two
spray paint, markers, etching
2. Repeat Offender - consider either:
(a) (a) Graffiti camp program.
(b) Summer Graffiti Work Program (See Attached)
3. Habitual Offender or repeat probation violation, i.e. three
or more 594 violations - Consider 180 days custody time. No
early release.
4. Problem areas that should be considered:
A. This Court is seeking to get the parents_involved in
active supervision of the minor. Consider having the
parent pay an amount of money directly to the city, school
or county agency involved for cost of obtaining cleanup
material. I suggest a nominal amount of $200. The parent
should be advised that the payment is voluntary. if the
parent is willing to do so, put his/her commitment on the
record. Note at the present time, there is no statutory
requirement that allows the court to order the parents to
pay and the parents should be so advised prior to making
their commitment.
B. Major damage cases
Defer the disposition and require a subsequenthering to
reg.=iew the amount of restitution, ability to pay and
nner
of payment. Where all lesser alternatives have been
examined and minor is unable to make restitution and damage
is substantial, the court should consider a custody
commitment where appropriate.
.Sm;x^.nr (4a=t of !hs Mats of C?alifaszca
(Qammt of Or=gs
Graffiti/Tagging Disposition Guidelines Page Three
March 3, 1993
C. Safetv
Taegers should not be ordered to do.graffiti removal in
gang area. Adequate supervision for minors on work crews
is essential.
D. District Attorney/Defense Dispositions
The parties may reach dispositions at variance from the
above -indicated guidelines. This court accepts those
agreements on basis that each side has made a professional
assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of their case.
E. Property damage to private residence, cars or other
private property. The victim should be permitted to be
heard or contacted by the District Attorney prior to any
dis-oosition.
5. one of the dispositional objectives is consistency in
sentencing and the above factors are suggested as guidelines.
Again, each case, minor, is different and the bench officer is
free to make the best overall judgment as to best sanctions to
protect the private property and preclude further vandalism on
the par_ of the minor.
6. Soecial Notes:
A. Section 13202.6 CVC provides that for each conviction
of vandalism, the offender can have his or her driving
privileges suspended or delayed for one year.
B. Graffiti paraphernalia means aerosol paint container,
felt tip marker, paint stick or etching tool capable of
scarring glass, metal, concrete or wood..
fE l l o CZAt_isco P. Brisefio
Presiding Judge of the
Juvenile Court
FPB:b1
Attachment
Z -i t
Z,kti.
Graffiti Camp
(Available after June 1, 1993)
1. Minor committed for minimum of eight days for graffiti
cleaning.
2. Report to Hall for placement in YGC on Saturday between 2:00
and 4:00 p.m.
3. Saturday/Sunday - Indoctrination
4. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday
0800 - 1500 Cleanup
1500 return to YGC
Shower/eat
1800 - 2200 School/taps
5. Release Saturday between 10:00 a.m. and noon
Concept: Up to 20 at any one time. Cleaning consists of
scrubbing/painting, etc.
Summer Graffiti Work Program 1�
(Available after June 1, 1993)
1. Scheduled Work Program - Wards would perform graffiti
cleanup during summer (June 20 - August 31) Report at 0730 to
designated area.
2. Assign each ward 30 days. This would allow probation
officer to "forgive up to ten days as a reward for good work."
3. This system allows for a large pool of wards to participate
in cleanup efforts (crew of 30/50).
4. Failure to participate would be a 777 violation, with a 30
day NER commitment and then return to the work crew to finish.
ATTACHMENT B
POSSIBLE DISCUSSION AREAS FOR A WAR AGAINST GRAFFITI (WAG)
1. Methods to establish a City-wide WAG campaign
2. Feasibility of a City-wide "Paint Out Graffiti" Day (Legal/tactical considerations)
3. Evaluation of materials utilized to remove graffiti from stucco, wood, cement, glass,
etc. What is the "best" material available?
4. The City of Tustin to provide free paint to any citizen who wishes to paint out graffiti
on their private property.
5. Establishment of a "graffiti watch" in the various homeowners' associations
6. Consideration of staff working with the homeowners' associations to develop several
teams responsible for removing graffiti throughout the subdivision
7. Work with the City school administrators to identify the formalized leaders within
middle and high schools (i.e., student council) and also identify informal leaders within
the school system who can assist us in developing programs within the schools that
will combat graffiti within the City. We suggest the thrust in the schools will be to
establish, via peer groups, that tagging within Orange County is simply not "cool".
SACRAMENTO OFFICE
ST ATC CAPITOL
SACRA ENTO.CA 958;4
1916.445 4264
I! ORANGEWOOD AVE.
SUITE 104
♦NGE. CA 9206E
(7141939 0004
Cfalifnrrti ��t c rxt r
SENATOR
JOHN R. LEWIS
THIRTY-THIRD SENATORIAL DISTRICT
sf'w.
March 22, 1993
Honorable Leslie Anne Pontious
Mayor of Tustin
15222 Del Amo Avenue
Tustin, CA 92680
Dear Mayor Pontious:
ATTACHMENT C
COMMI'TEE5
AGRICULTURE AND WATER
RESOURCES
BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS
NICE CHAIRMAN;
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
(CHAIRMAN,
INSURANCE. CLAIMS AND
CORPORATIONS
NATURAL RESOURCES AND
WILDLIFE
As you're well aware, graffiti vandalism has become a growing
problem all across Orange County. Once visible primarily in
economically -depressed urban areas, the blight of graffiti
has now spread to virtually every community.
In order to fight back against graffiti vandals, I have
introduced Senate Bill 583, which does the following:
1. Prohibits minors who are convicted of graffiti
vandalism from obtaining, or possessing, a driving
license or permit until the age of 18.
2. Requires graffiti vandals to perform a minimum of 40 hours
of community service work cleaning up graffiti for a
first offense and 80 hours of cleanup for subsequent
offenses.
3. Requires at least one parent or guardian of any
unemancipated minor convicted of vandalism to fully
participate in that minor's graffiti cleanup community
service work, or to pay an additional fine of up to
$1,000.
I would like to formally request the City of Tustin to
support SB 583, a copy of which is enclosed for your review.
The Senate Judiciary Committee (State Capitol, Room 2032,
Sacramento, CA 95814) is scheduled to consider SB 123 on
Tuesday, April 20. A letter of support to the Committee
would be especially helpful.
Thank you for your favorable consideration of this request.
I look forward to seeing you again soon.
Best regards,
J Lewis
E� losure
JRL:cj
SENATE BILL No. 583
Introduced by Senator Lewis
(Principal coauthor: Assembly Member Pringle)
(Coauthor: Senator Kopp)
(Coauthors: Assembly Members Boland, Conroy, Farr,
Ferguson, Harvey, Hoge, Johnson, and Richter)
March 1, 1993
An act to amend Sections 640.5 and 640.6 of the Penal Code,
relating to crimes.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIG=
SB 583, as introduced, Lewis. Crimes: graffiti.
(1) Existing law provides that any person who writes,
sprays, scratches, or otherwise affixes graffiti on or in the
facilities or vehicles of governmental entities, as specified, for
which any of the entities incur costs of less than $250 for
cleanup, repair, or replacement is guilty of an infraction,
punishable by a fine not exceeding $250 and by community
service for a total time not to exceed 48 hours, as specified.
This bill, in addition, would require a minimum of 40 hours
community service.
(2) Existing law provides that any person who writes,
sprays, scratches, or otherwise affixes graffiti on any real or
personal property not his or her own is guilty of an infraction,
punishable as specified.
Existing law provides that upon conviction of any person
under these provisions, the court, in addition to any
punishment imposed, may order the defendant to complete
community service not to exceed 48 hours for the first
conviction. Upon the second and subsequent conviction, the
court may order the defendant to complete community
service not to exceed 96 hours.
This bill, instead, would provide that upon conviction of any
P;!M*0I
SB 583 —2—
person
2—
person under these provisions, the court, in addition to any
punishment imposed, for the first offense, shall order the
defendant to complete a minimum of 40 hours of community
service not to exceed 48 hours for the first conviction, and for
the 2nd and each subsequent offense, shall order the
defendant to complete a minimum of 80 hours of community
service not to exceed 96 hours.
Because these provisions could result in requiring counties
to incur additional expenses for supervising persons required
to perform this community service work, the bill would
impose a state -mandated local program.
The bill also would provide whenever a minor is found to
have violated these provisions and when a motor vehicle was
used to commit the offense, the minor shall be prohibited
from being issued a driver's license or permit until reaching
the age of 18 years, or if the minor has been issued a driver's
license or permit, that license or permit shall be surrendered
immediately upon conviction and the minor shall be
ineligible for reissuance of a license or permit until he or she
has reached the age of 18 years.
Existing law provides that any community service required
pursuant to these provisions of a person under the age of 18
years may be performed in the presence, and under the direct
supervision, of the person's parent or legal guardian.
This bill would require the presence and direct supervision
of the person's parent or legal guardian. However, the bill also
would specify that a court, upon a finding of good cause, may,
in lieu of this requirement, order the parent or legal guardian
to pay a fine of up to $1,000.
The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse
local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated
by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for
making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required
by this act for a specified reason.
Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes.
State -mandated local program: yes.
99 100
-3— SB 583
The people of the State of California do enact as follows.
1 SECTION 1. Section 640.5 of the Penal Code is
2 amended to read:
3 640.5. (a) Any person who writes, sprays, scratches,
4 or otherwise affixes graffiti on or in the facilities or
5 vehicles of a governmental entity, as defined by Section
6 811.2 of the Government Code, or on or in the facilities
7 or vehicles of a public transportation system as defined by
8 Section 99211 of the Public Utilities Code, or on or in the
9 facilities of or vehicles operated by entities subsidized by,
10 the Department of Transportation, or on or in any leased
11 or rented facilities or vehicles for which any of the above
12 entities incur costs of less than two hundred fifty dollars
13 ($250) for cleanup, repair, or replacement is guilty of an
14 infraction punishable by a fine not to exceed two
15 hundred fifty dollars ($250) and by a minimum of 40
16 hours of community service for a total time not to exceed
17 .48 hours over a period not to exceed 30 days, during a
( 18 time other than during his or her hours of school
�, 19 attendance or employment. This subdivision does not
20 preclude application of Section 594.
21 (b) (1) Upon conviction of any person under
22 subdivision (a), the court mey, in addition to any
23 punishment imposed pursuant to subdivision (a), at the
`Z r 24 victim's option, may order the defendant to perform the
25 necessary labor to clean up, repair, or replace the
26 property damaged by that person, but shall not order the
27 person to pay for any related costs incurred by the
28 cleanup, repair, or replacement of the property.
29 (2) If a minor is personally unable to pay any fine
30 levied for violating subdivision (a), the parent or legal
31 guardian of the minor shall be liable for payment of the
32 fine. A court may waive payment of the fine by the
33 parent or legal guardian upon a fording of good cause.
34 (c) Whenever a minor is found to have violated
35 subdivision (a) and when a motor vehicle was used to
36 commit the offense, the court may do any of the
37 following:
(`Tl 38 (1) If the minor has not been issued a California
ki?�Rj
SB
583 —4-
4-1
1
driver's license or temporary permit by the Department
Q)
2
of Motor Vehicles, the court may forward to the
3
Department of Motor Vehicles a report of the finding
4
that theminorhas violated subdivision (a) and specifying
5
that the minor shall be ineligible for issuance of license
6
or permit until he or she has reached the age of 18 years.
7
(2) If the minor has a California driver's license or
8
temporary permit issued by the Department of Motor
9
Vehicles, the court in which the finding is had may
10
require the surrender of that person's driver's license or
11
temporary permit. If the court requires the surrender of
12
that person's driver's license or temporary permit, the
13
court shall forward the license or permit with a report of
14
the finding that the minor has violated subdivision (a) to
15
the Department of Motor Vehicles. Upon receiving a
16
report of the finding, the department shall revoke the
17
driver's license or permit and the minor shall be
18
ineligible for reissuance of a license or permit until he or
19
she has reached the age of 18 years.
20
(3) This subdivision shall apply whether or not the
21
minor was the driver of the motor vehicle during the
`
22
commission of the offense specified in subdivision (a).
23
(d) Any fine levied for a violation of subdivision (a)
24
shall be credited by the county treasurer pursuant to
25
Section 1463.29 to the governmental entity having
26
jurisdiction over, or responsibility for, the facility or
27
vehicle involved, to be used for removal of the graffiti.
28
Before crediting these fines to the appropriate
29
governmental entity, the county may determine the
30
administrative costs it has incurred pursuant to this
31
section, and retain an amount equal to those costs.
32
Any community service which is required pursuant to
33
subdivision (a) of a an unemancipated person under the
34
age of 18 years ftxey shall be performed in the presence,
35
and under the direct supervision, of the person's parent
36
or legal guardian.
37
{d} A court, upon a finding ofgood cause, may in lieu
38
of this requirement, order the parent or legal guardian to
39
pay a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars (.1,000).
40
(e) AS used in this section, graffiti means any form of
-.
99 150
-5— SB 583
1 unauthorized painting, writing, or inscription regardless
2 of the content or nature of the material used in the
3 commission of the act.
4 SEC. 2. Section 640.6 of the Penal Code is amended to
5 read:
6 640.6. (a) Except as provided in Section 640.5, any
7 person who writes, sprays, scratches, or otherwise affixes
8 graffiti on any real or personal property not his or her
9 own is guilty of an infraction punishable by a fine not to
10 exceed two hundred fifty dollars ($250) if the amount of
11 the defacement, damage, or destruction is less than two
12 hundred fifty dollars ($250). This subdivision does not
13 preclude application of Section 594.
14 (b) (1) Upon conviction of any person under
15 subdivision (a), the court rHay, in addition to any
16 punishment imposed pursuant to subdivision (a), shall
17 order the defendant to complete a minimum of 40 hours
18 of community service not to exceed 48 hours for the first
19 conviction. Upon the second and subsequent conviction,
20 the court racy shall order the defendant to complete a
21 minimum of80hours ofcommunity service not to exceed
22 96 hours. A defendant shall be ordered to complete
23 community service during a time other than during his
24 or her hours of school attendance or employment.
25 (2) Upon conviction of any person under subdivision
26 (a), the court may in addition to any punishment
27 imposed pursuant to subdivision (a), at the victim's
28 option, may order the defendant to perform the
29 necessary labor to clean up, repair, or replace the
30 property damaged by that person, but shall not order the
31 person to pay for any related costs incurred by the
32 cleanup, repair, or replacement of .the property.
33 {3}
34 (c) If a minor is personally unable to pay any fine
35 levied for violating subdivision. (a), the parent or legal
36 guardian of the minor shall be liable for payment of the
37 fine. A court may waive payment of the fine by the
38 parent or legal guardian upon a finding of good cause.
39 Any community service which is required pursuant to
40 subdivision (b) of s an unemancipated person under the
E:
99 170
40 pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California
4AWAO
SB
583 —6—
6-
1
1
age of 18 years may shall be performed in the presence,
AML
2
and under the direct supervision, of the person's parent
3
or legal guardian. A court, upon a finding ofgood cause,
4
may, in lieu of this requirement, order theparent orlegal
5
guardian to pay a fine of up to one thousand dollars
6
($1,000).
7
(d) Whenever a minor is found to have violated
gah
8
subdivision (a) and when a motor vehicle was used to
9
commit the offense, the court may do any of the
10
following.
11
(1) If the minor has not been issued a California
12
driver's license or temporary permit by the Department
13
of Motor Vehicles, the court may forward to the
14
Department of Motor Vehicles a report of the finding
15
that theminorhas violated subdivision (a) and specifying
16
that the minor shall be ineligible for issuance of a license
17
or permit until he or she has reached the age of 18 years.
18
(2) If the minor has a California driver's license or
19
temporary permit issued by the Department of Motor
20
Vehicles, the court in which the finding is had may
21
require the surrender of that person's driver's license or
22
temporary permit. If the court requires the surrender of
23
that person's driver's license or temporary permit, the
24
court shall forward the license or permit with a report of
25
the finding that the minor has violated subdivision (a) to
26
the Department of Motor Vehicles. Upon receiving a
27
report of the finding, the department shall revoke the
28
driver's license or permit and the minor shall be
29
ineligible for reissuance of a License or permit until he or
30
she has reached the age of 18 years.
31
(3) This subdivision shall apply whether or not the
32
minor was the driver of the motor vehicle during the
33
commission of the offense specified in subdivision (a).
34
4*
35
(e) As used in this section, graffiti means any form of
36
unauthorized painting, writing, or inscription regardless
37
of the content or nature of the material used in the
38
commission of the act.
39
SEC. 3. No reimbursement is required by this act
40 pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California
4AWAO
-7— SB 583
1 Constitution because the only costs which may be
2 incurred by a local agency or school district will be
3. incurred because this act creates a new crime or
4 infraction, changes the definition of a crime or infraction,
5 changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, or
6 eliminates a crime or infraction. Notwithstanding Section
7 17580 of the Government Code, unless otherwise
8 specified in this act, the provisions of this act shall become
9 operative on the same date that the act takes effect
10 pursuant to the California Constitution.