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Draft 2015 Urban Water Management Plan
2015
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URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
CIAIAI MMACT
2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
FINAL DRAFT
[Signature 1 Name]
[Title]
arcadis.com
2015 URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
City of Tustin
Prepared for:
Art Valenzuela
Water Services Manager
City of Tustin
300 Centennial Way
Tustin, CA 92780
Prepared by:
Arcadis U.S., Inc.
445 South Figueroa Street
Suite 3650
Los Angeles
California 90071
Tel 213 486 9884
Fax 213 486 9894
Our Ref.:
4109039.0000
Date:
May 2016
2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
CONTENTS
Acronyms and Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... vii
1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1
Urban Water Management Plan Requirements...........................................................................1-1
1.2
Agency Overview.........................................................................................................................1-3
1.3
Service Area and Facilities..........................................................................................................1-5
1.3.1 City of Tustin Service Area...............................................................................................1-5
1.3.2 City of Tustin Water Facilities...........................................................................................1-6
2 Demands..............................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1
Overview......................................................................................................................................2-1
2.2
Factors Affecting Demand...........................................................................................................2-1
2.2.1 Climate Characteristics....................................................................................................2-1
2.2.2 Demographics..................................................................................................................2-2
2.2.3 Land Use..........................................................................................................................2-2
2.3
Water Use by Customer Type.....................................................................................................2-2
2.3.1 Overview...........................................................................................................................2-3
2.3.2 Non-Residential................................................................................................................2-3
2.3.3 Sales to Other Agencies...................................................................................................2-4
2.3.4 Non -Revenue Water.........................................................................................................2-4
2.3.4.1 AWWA Water Audit Methodology...........................................................................2-4
2.4
Demand Projections.....................................................................................................................2-6
2.4.1 Demand Projection Methodology.....................................................................................2-6
2.4.2 Agency Refinement..........................................................................................................2-7
2.4.3 25 Year Projections..........................................................................................................2-7
2.4.4 Total Water Demand Projections.....................................................................................2-8
2.4.5 Water Use for Lower Income Households.......................................................................2-9
2.5
SBx7-7 Requirements................................................................................................................2-10
2.5.1 Baseline Water Use........................................................................................................2-11
2.5.1.1 Ten to 15 -Year Baseline Period (Baseline GPCD)...............................................2-11
2.5.1.2 Five -Year Baseline Period (Target Confirmation)................................................2-11
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2.5.1.3 Service Area Population.......................................................................................2-12
2.5.2 SBx7-7 Water Use Targets............................................................................................2-12
2.5.2.1 SBx7-7 Target Methods........................................................................................2-12
2.5.2.2 2015 and 2020 Targets........................................................................................2-13
2.5.3 Regional Alliance............................................................................................................2-13
3 Water
Sources and Supply Reliability..................................................................................................3-1
3.1
Overview......................................................................................................................................3-1
3.2
Imported Water............................................................................................................................3-2
3.2.1 Colorado River Supplies...................................................................................................3-2
3.2.2 State Water Project Supplies...........................................................................................3-4
3.2.3 Storage.............................................................................................................................3-8
3.3
Groundwater................................................................................................................................3-8
3.3.1 Basin Characteristics........................................................................................................3-8
3.3.2 Basin Production Percentage.........................................................................................3-10
3.3.2.1 2015 OCWD Groundwater Management Plan.....................................................3-10
3.3.2.2 OCWD Engineer's Report....................................................................................3-11
3.3.3 Groundwater Recharge Facilities...................................................................................3-12
3.3.4 Metropolitan Groundwater Replenishment Program......................................................3-12
3.3.5 Metropolitan Conjunctive Use Program with OCWD......................................................3-13
3.3.6 Groundwater Historical Extraction..................................................................................3-13
3.3.7 Overdraft Conditions.......................................................................................................3-13
3.4
Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water................................................................3-13
3.5
Recycled Water..........................................................................................................................3-16
3.6
Supply Reliability........................................................................................................................3-16
3.6.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................3-16
3.6.2 Factors Impacting Reliability..........................................................................................3-16
3.6.2.1 Environment..........................................................................................................3-16
3.6.2.2 Legal.....................................................................................................................3-16
3.6.2.3 Water Quality........................................................................................................3-17
3.6.2.3.1 Imported Water...........................................................................................3-17
3.6.2.3.2 Groundwater...............................................................................................3-17
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3.6.2.4 Climate Change....................................................................................................3-19
3.6.3 Normal -Year Reliability Comparison..............................................................................3-19
3.6.4 Single -Dry Year Reliability Comparison.........................................................................3-19
3.6.5 Multiple -Dry Year Period Reliability Comparison...........................................................3-20
3.7
Supply and Demand Assessment..............................................................................................3-20
4 Demand Management Measures.........................................................................................................4-1
4.1
Water Waste Prevention Ordinances..........................................................................................4-1
4.2
Metering.......................................................................................................................................4-2
4.3
Conservation Pricing....................................................................................................................4-2
4.4
Public Education and Outreach...................................................................................................4-3
4.5
Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss..............................................4-5
4.6
Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support...............................................4-5
4.7
Other Demand Management Measures......................................................................................4-5
4.7.1 Residential Programs.......................................................................................................4-6
4.7.2 CII Programs....................................................................................................................4-6
4.7.3 Landscape Programs.......................................................................................................4-7
5 Water
Shortage Contingency Plan.......................................................................................................5-1
5.1
Overview......................................................................................................................................5-1
5.2
Shortage Actions..........................................................................................................................5-1
5.2.1 Metropolitan Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan..........................................5-1
5.2.2 Metropolitan Water Supply Allocation Plan......................................................................5-3
5.2.3 MWDOC Water Supply Allocation Plan............................................................................5-4
5.2.4 City of Tustin.....................................................................................................................5-5
5.3
Three -Year Minimum Water Supply............................................................................................5-6
5.4
Catastrophic Supply Interruption.................................................................................................5-7
5.4.1 Metropolitan......................................................................................................................5-7
5.4.2 Water Emergency Response of Orange County..............................................................5-7
5.4.3 City of Tustin.....................................................................................................................5-8
5.5
Prohibitions, Penalties and Consumption Reduction Methods....................................................5-8
5.5.1 Prohibitions.......................................................................................................................5-8
5.5.2 Penalties.........................................................................................................................5-14
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5.5.3 Consumption Reduction Methods..................................................................................5-14
5.6
Impacts to Revenue...................................................................................................................5-14
5.7
Reduction Measuring Mechanism.............................................................................................5-16
6 Recycled Water....................................................................................................................................6-1
6.1
Agency Coordination...................................................................................................................6-1
6.1.1 OCWD Green Acres Project.............................................................................................6-1
6.1.2 OCWD Groundwater Replenishment System..................................................................6-1
6.2
Wastewater Description and Disposal.........................................................................................6-2
6.3
Current Recycled Water Uses.....................................................................................................6-2
6.4
Potential Recycled Water Uses...................................................................................................6-3
6.4.1 Direct Non -Potable Reuse................................................................................................6-3
6.4.2 Indirect Potable Reuse.....................................................................................................6-3
6.5
Optimization Plan.........................................................................................................................6-3
7 Future Water Supply Projects and Programs......................................................................................7-1
7.1
Water Management Tools...........................................................................................................7-1
7.2
Transfer or Exchange Opportunities............................................................................................7-1
7.3
Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs...........................................................................7-1
7.4
Desalination Opportunities...........................................................................................................7-1
7.4.1 Groundwater.....................................................................................................................7-2
7.4.2 Ocean Water....................................................................................................................7-2
8 UWMP
Adoption Process....................................................................................................................8-1
8.1
Public Participation......................................................................................................................8-2
8.2
Agency Coordination...................................................................................................................8-2
8.3
UWMP Submittal..........................................................................................................................8-2
8.3.1 Review of 2010 UWMP Implementation...........................................................................8-2
8.3.2 Comparison of 2010 Planned Water Conservation Programs with 2015 Actual Programs8-
3
8.3.3 Filing of 2015 UWMP........................................................................................................8-3
References.................................................................................................................................................8-4
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TABLES
Table 1-1:
Plan Identification......................................................................................................................1-2
Table 1-2:
Agency Identification.................................................................................................................1-3
Table 1-3:
Public Water Systems(AF).......................................................................................................1-7
Table 1-4:
Water Supplier Information Exchange......................................................................................1-7
Table 2-1:
Population — Current and Projected..........................................................................................2-2
Table 2-2:
Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Actual(AF).................................................................2-3
Table 2-3:
Water Loss Audit Summary (AF)..............................................................................................2-6
Table 2-4:
Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Projected(AF)............................................................2-8
Table 2-5:
Inclusion in Water Use Projections...........................................................................................2-8
Table 2-6:
Total Water Demands (AF).......................................................................................................2-9
Table 2-7:
Household Distribution Based on Median Household Income................................................2-10
Table 2-8:
Projected Water Demands for Housing Needed for Low Income Households (AF)...............2-10
Table 2-9:
Baselines and Targets Summary............................................................................................2-13
Table 2-10: 2015 Compliance..................................................................................................................2-13
Table 3-1:
Metropolitan Colorado River Aqueduct Program Capabilities..................................................3-6
Table 3-2:
Groundwater Volume Pumped(AF)........................................................................................3-13
Table 3-3:
Water Supplies, Actual(AF)....................................................................................................3-14
Table 3-4:
Water Supplies, Projected(AF)...............................................................................................3-15
Table 3-5:
Basis of Water Year Data........................................................................................................3-20
Table 3-6:
Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison(AF)..............................................................3-21
Table 3-7:
Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison(AF).........................................................3-21
Table 3-8:
Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (AF)....................................................3-21
Table4-1:
Water Usage Rates...................................................................................................................4-3
Table 5-1:
Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan...........................................................................5-6
Table 5-2:
Minimum Supply Next Three Years (AF)..................................................................................5-7
Table 5-3:
Restrictions and Prohibitions on End Uses...............................................................................5-9
Table 5-4:
Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan - Consumption Reduction Methods.................5-14
Table 5-5:
Revenue Impacts Analysis......................................................................................................5-15
Table 8-1:
External Coordination and Outreach.........................................................................................8-1
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Table 8-2: Notification to Cities and Counties............................................................................................8-2
'IGURI
Figure 1-1: Regional Location of Urban Water Supplier............................................................................1-4
Figure 1-2: City of Tustin Service Area......................................................................................................1-6
Figure 3-1: Water Supply Sources in the City (AF)....................................................................................3-1
Figure 3-2: Map of the Orange County Groundwater Basin and its Major Aquifer Systems .....................3-9
Figure 5-1: Resource Stages, Anticipated Actions, and Supply Declarations...........................................5-2
APPENDICES
A UMWP Checklist
B Standardized Tables
C Groundwater Management Plan
D City Ordinance
E Notification of Public and Service Area Suppliers
F Adopted UWMP Resolution
G Bump Methodology
H AWWA Water Loss Audit Worksheet
I Water Use Efficiency Implementation Report
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
20x2020
20% water use reduction in GPCD by year 2020
Act
Urban Water Management Planning Act
AF
Acre -Feet
AFY
Acre -Feet per Year
AQMP
Air Quality Management Plan
AWWA
American Water Works Association
BEA
Basin Equity Assessment
Biops
Biological Opinions
BMP
Best Management Practice
BPP
Basin Production Percentage
CARL
Current Annual Real Losses
CCC
California Coastal Commission
CDR
Center for Demographic Research
CEC
Constituents of Emerging Concern
CII
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional
CIP
Capital Improvement Program
City
City of Tustin
CRA
Colorado River Aqueduct
CUP
Conjunctive Use Program
CUWCC
California Urban Water Conservation Council
CVP
Central Valley Project
Delta
Sacramento -San Joaquin River Delta
DMM
Demand Management Measure
DOF
Department of Finance
DWR
Department of Water Resources
EOCWD
East Orange County Water District
EIR
Environmental Impact Report
EOC
Emergency Operation Center
FY
Fiscal Year
GAP
Green Acres Project
GCM
General Circulation Model
GPCD
Gallons per Capita per Day
GWRS
Groundwater Replenishment System
H2O2
Hydrogen Peroxide
HCF
Hundred Cubic Feet
HECW
High Efficiency Clothes Washer
HET
High Efficiency Toilet
ILI
Infrastructure Leakage Index
IPR
Indirect Potable Reuse
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IRP
Integrated Water Resource Plan
IRWD
Irvine Ranch Water District
IWA
International Water Association
LBCWD
Laguna Beach County Water District
LRP
Local Resources Program
LTFP
Long -Term Facilities Plan
MAF
Million Acre -Feet
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level
Metropolitan
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
MF
Microfiltration
MG
Million Gallons
MGD
Million Gallons per Day
MHI
Median Household Income
MSL
Mean Sea Level
MTBE
Methryl Tertiary Butyl Ether
MWDOC
Municipal Water District of Orange County
NDMA
N-nitrosodimethylamine
OC
Orange County
OC Basin
Orange County Groundwater Basin
OCSD
Orange County Sanitation District
OCWD
Orange County Water District
Poseidon
Poseidon Resources LLC
PPCP
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Product
RA
Replenishment Assessment
RHNA
Regional Housing Needs Assessment
RO
Reverse Osmosis
SBx7-7
Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session
SCAB
South Coast Air Basin
SCAG
Southern California Association of Governments
SCWD
South Coast Water District
SDCWA
San Diego County Water Authority
SDP
Seawater Desalination Program
Study
Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study
SWP
State Water Project
SWRCB
California State Water Resources Control Board
TDS
Total Dissolved Solids
UARL
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses
UV
Ultraviolet
UWMP
Urban Water Management Plan
VOC
Volatile Organic Compound
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WBIC
WEROC
WF -21
WSAP
WSDM
Weather -Based Irrigation Controller
Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County
Water Factory 21
Water Supply Allocation Plan
Water Surplus and Drought Management
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Urban Water Management Plan Requirements
Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656 of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) require
every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or
supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an Urban Water
Management Plan (UWMP) with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years in
the years ending in zero and five. The 2015 UWMP updates are due to DWR by July 1, 2016.
This UWMP provides DWR with a detailed summary of present and future water resources and demands
within the City of Tustin's (City) service area and assesses the City's water resource needs. Specifically,
the UWMP provides water supply planning for a 25 -year planning period in five-year increments and
identifies water supplies needed to meet existing and future demands. The demand analysis must identify
supply reliability under three hydrologic conditions: a normal year, a single -dry year, and multiple -dry
years. The City's 2015 UWMP updates the 2010 UWMP in compliance with the requirements of the Act
as amended in 2009, and includes a discussion of:
• Water Service Area and Facilities
• Water Sources and Supplies
• Water Use by Customer Type
• Demand Management Measures
• Water Supply Reliability
• Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs
• Water Shortage Contingency Plan
• Recycled Water Use
Since the original Act's passage in 1983, several amendments have been added. The most recent
changes affecting the 2015 UWMP include Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session
(SBx7-7) and SB 1087. SBx7-7, or the Water Conservation Act of 2009, is part of the Delta Action Plan
that stemmed from the Governor's goal to achieve a 20 percent statewide reduction in urban per capita
water use by 2020 (20x2020). Reduction in water use is an important part of this plan that aims to
sustainably manage the Bay Delta and reduce conflicts between environmental conservation and water
supply; it is detailed in Section 3.2.2. SBx7-7 requires each urban retail water supplier to develop urban
water use targets to achieve the 20x2020 goal and the interim ten percent goal by 2015. Each urban retail
water supplier must include in its 2015 UWMPs the following information from its target -setting process:
• Baseline daily per capita water use
• 2020 urban water use target
• 2015 interim water use target compliance
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• Compliance method being used along with calculation method and support data
• An implementation plan to meet the targets
The other recent amendment, made to the UWMP on September 19, 2014, is set forth by SB 1420,
Distribution System Water Losses. SB 1420 requires water purveyors to quantify distribution system
losses for the most recent 12 -month period available. The water loss quantification is based on the water
system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association (AWWA).
The sections in this UWMP correspond to the outline of the Act, specifically Article 2, Contents of Plans,
Sections 10631, 10632, and 10633. The sequence used for the required information, however, differs
slightly in order to present information in a manner reflecting the unique characteristics of the City's water
utility. The UWMP Checklist has been completed, which identifies the location of Act requirements in this
Plan and is included in Appendix A. This is an individual UWMP for a retail agency, as shown in Tables 1-
1 and 1-2. Table 1-2 also indicates the units that will be used throughout this document.
Table 1-1: Plan Identification
LPIan Identification
Select
Only
Type of Plan Name of RUWMP or Regional Alliance
One
❑V
Individual UWMP
❑
Water Supplier is also a member of a
RUWMP
0
Water Supplier is also a member of a
Regional Alliance
Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance
Regional Urban Water Management Plan
(RUWMP)
NOTES:
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Table 1-2: Agency Identification
Agency Identification
pe of A•-
❑
Agency is a wholesaler
0
Agency is a retailer
UWMP Tables Are in Calendar Years
21
UWMP Tables Are in Fiscal Years
If Using Fiscal Years Provide Month and Date that the Fiscal Year Begins
(mm/dd)
7/1
-
.MNIZZOR.
Unit
AF
NOTES:
Agency Overview
The City, located in central Orange County is a General Law city. The City has a Council -Manager form of
government which consists of an elected City Council responsible for policy making, and a professional
City Manager, appointed by the Council. The current members of the City Council are:
• John Nielsen — Mayor
• Dr. Allan Bernstein — Mayor Pro Tem
• Rebecca "Beckie" Gomez — Councilmember
• Al Murray— Councilmember
• Charles E. "Chuck" Puckett — Councilmember
The City receives its water from two main sources, local well water from the Lower Santa Ana River
Groundwater basin, which is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD) and imported water
from the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) through East Orange County Water
District (EOCWD). MWDOC is Orange County's wholesale supplier and is a member agency of the
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan). The City's location within MWDOC is
shown in Figure 1-1.
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MWDOC Service Area
and Member Agencies
Figure 1-1: Regional Location of Urban Water Supplier
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1.3 Service Area and Facilities
1.3.1 City of Tustin Service Area
The City is located in central east Orange County as shown in Figure 1-1. The City is bounded by the City
of Orange to the north, the City of Santa Ana to the west, the City of Irvine to the south, and
unincorporated areas of Orange County to the east. The City is approximately 35 miles south of Los
Angeles and 10 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean. The City's water service area has an area of 8.4
square miles and an elevation of about 210 feet above sea level. The topography of the City combines
generally flat areas with gradual rolling hills. The City provides potable water service to most of the
incorporated area of the City and also to unincorporated county areas north of the City. Figure 1-2
illustrates the City's service area boundary.
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Figure 1-2: City of Tustin Service Area
1.3.2 City of Tustin Water Facilities
The City provides domestic and fire protection water service to most of the incorporated area of the City
and also to unincorporated areas north of the City.
The City receives approximately 74 percent of its water from underlying groundwater in the Lower Santa
Ana Groundwater Basin. The remaining 26 percent is imported water purchased from EOCWD. The City
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has eight untreated or "clear" groundwater wells that pump directly into the distribution system and two
treatment facilities that treat groundwater from five additional wells.
Elevations in the City's service area are approximately 210 feet above mean sea level (MSL). The water
system is divided into three pressure zones.
The City delivers water supplies through 172 miles of 1.5 -inch to 20 -inch water mains and three booster
stations. The City pumps its groundwater from 13 wells, including five wells that undergo nitrate and total
dissolved solids (TDS) removal through the Main Street Plant and the 17th Street Desalter Treatment
Plant.
Storage is required to balance variations in demand (operational or regulatory storage), to provide water
for fighting fire (fire storage), and to provide water when normal supplies are reduced or unavailable due
to unusual circumstances (emergency storage). The existing storage system consists of six reservoirs
with a combined storage capacity of approximately 13.83 million gallons (MG).
The system connections and water volume supplied are summarized in Table 1-3, and the wholesalers
informed of this water use as required are displayed in Table 1-4.
Table 1-3: Public Water Systems (AF)
Retail •Public Water Systems
Public Water
System Number
Public Water
System Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2015
Volume of
Water
Supplied
2015
CA3010046
City of Tustin
14,178
11,113
TOTAL
14,178
11,113
NOTES:
Table 1-4: Water Supplier Information Exchange
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2 DEMANDS
2.1 Overview
Since the last UWMP update, southern California's urban water demand has been largely shaped by the
efforts to comply with the SBx7-7. This law requires all California retail urban water suppliers serving
more than 3,000 acre-feet per year (AFY) or 3,000 service connections to achieve a 20 percent water
demand reduction (from a historical baseline) by 2020. The City has been actively engaged in efforts to
reduce water use in its service area to meet the 2015 interim 10 percent reduction and the 2020 final
water use target. Meeting this target is critical to ensure the City's eligibility to receive future state water
grants and loans.
In April 2015 Governor Brown issued an Emergency Drought Mandate as a result of one of the most
severe droughts in California's history, requiring a collective reduction in statewide urban water use of 25
percent by February 2016, with each agency in the state given a specific reduction target by DWR. In
response to the Governor's mandate, the City is carrying out more aggressive conservation efforts. It is
also implementing higher (more restrictive) stages of its water conservation ordinance in order to achieve
its demand reduction target of 28 percent set for the City itself and the Regional Alliance of all
participating MWDOC utility agencies (discussed later in Section 2.5).
In addition to local water conservation ordinances, the City has engaged in activities with MWDOC on
educational programs, indoor retrofits and training.
These efforts have been part of statewide water conservation ordinances that require limiting landscape
watering, serving water in restaurants and bars, and reducing the amount of laundry cleaned by hotels.
Further discussion on the City's water conservation ordinance is covered in Section 5 Water Supplies
Contingency Plan.
This section analyzes the City's current water demands by customer type, factors that influence those
demands, and projections of future water demands for the next 25 years. In addition, to satisfy SBx7-7
requirements, this section provides details of the City's SBx7-7 compliance method selection, baseline
water use calculation, and 2015 and 2020 water use targets.
Factors Affecting D
Water demands within the City's service area are dependent on many factors such as local climate
conditions and the evolving hydrology of the region, demographics, land use characteristics, and
economics. In addition to local factors, southern California's imported water sources are also
experiencing drought conditions that impact availability of current and future water supplies.
2.2.1 Climate Characteristics
The City is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) that encompasses all of Orange County, and
the urban areas of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties. The SCAB climate is
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
characterized by southern California's "Mediterranean" climate: a semi -arid environment with mild winters,
warm summers and moderate rainfall.
Local rainfall has limited impacts on reducing demand for the City. Water that infiltrates into the soil may
enter groundwater supplies depending on the local geography. However, due to the large extent of
impervious cover in southern California, rainfall runoff quickly flows to a system of concrete storm drains
and channels that lead directly to the ocean. OCWD is one agency that has successfully captured
stormwater along the Santa Ana River and in recharge basins for years and used it as an additional
source of supply for groundwater recharge.
Metropolitan's water supplies come from the State Water Project (SWP) and the Colorado River Aqueduct
(CRA), influenced by climate conditions in northern California and the Colorado River Basin, respectively.
Both regions have been suffering from multi-year drought conditions with record low precipitation which
directly impact water supplies to southern California.
2.2.2 Demographics
The City has a 2015 population of 68,088 according to the California State University at Fullerton's Center
of Demographics Research (CDR). The City's water service area is essentially built -out, and its
population is projected to increase by 1.1 percent by 2040, representing an average growth rate of 0.04
percent per year.
Growth has increased slightly since the 2010 UWMP as housing is becoming denser and new residential
units are multi -storied. Table 2-1 shows the population projections in five-year increments out to 2040
within the City's service area.
Table 2-1: Population — Current and Projected
'•• • • Projected
Population Served
2015
2020
2025 2030 2035 2040
68,088
68,238
68,388 68,538 68,689 68,840
NOTES: Center for Demographic Research, California State University, Fullerton 2015
2.2.3 Land Use
The City's service area can best be described as a predominately single and multi -family residential
community located in central Orange County.
Water Use by Customer Type
An agency's water consumption can be projected by understanding the type of use and customer type
creating the demand. Developing local water use profiles helps to identify quantity of water used, and by
whom within the agency's service area. A comprehensive profile of the agency's service area enables the
impacts of water conservation efforts to be assessed and to project the future benefit of water
conservation programs.
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The following sections of this UWMP provide an overview of the City's water consumption by customer
account type as follows:
• Single-family Residential
• Multi -family Residential
• Commercial
• Institutional/ Government
Other water uses including sales to other agencies and non -revenue water are also discussed in this
section.
2.3.1 Overview
There are 14,178 current customer active and inactive service connections in the City's water distribution
system with all existing connections metered. Approximately 77 percent of the City's water demand is
residential; commercial and institutional/governmental use accounts for 6 percent each of total water
demand. The remaining demand includes landscape, losses, and other uses.
Table 2-2 contains a summary of the City's total water demand in fiscal year (FY) of 2014-15 for potable
water.
Table 2-2: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Actual (AF)
7mAdditional
Description
Level of Treatment
When Delivered
Volume
Single Family
Drinking Water
6,112
Multi -Family
Drinking Water
2,447
Institutional/Governmental
Drinking Water
678
Commercial
Drinking Water
668
Industrial
Drinking Water
122
Landscape
Large
Drinking Water
357
Other
Drinking Water
350
Losses
Drinking Water
379
TOTAL
11,113
NOTES: Data retrieved from MWDOC Customer Class Usage Data and FY 2014-
2015 Retail Tracking.
2.3.2 Non -Residential
Non-residential use also includes industrial and dedicated landscape demands. Industrial water use
accounts for 1 percent of total water demands and dedicated landscape accounts for 3 percent of total
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water demand. The City has a mix of commercial uses (markets, restaurants, etc.), public entities
(schools, fire stations and government offices), office complexes, light industrial and warehouses.
2.3.3 Sales to Other Agencies
The City does not sell water to other agencies although it does maintain emergency connections with
neighboring systems.
2.3.4 Non -Revenue Water
Non -revenue water is defined by the International Water Association (IWA) as the difference between
distribution systems input volume (i.e. production) and billed authorized consumption. Non -revenue water
consists of three components: unbilled authorized consumption (e.g. hydrant flushing, firefighting, and
blow -off water from well start-ups), real losses (e.g. leakage in mains and service lines, and storage tank
overflows), and apparent losses (unauthorized consumption, customer metering inaccuracies and
systematic data handling errors).
A water loss audit was conducted per AWWA methodology for the City to understand the relationship
between water loss, operating costs and revenue losses. This audit was developed by the IWA Water
Loss Task Force as a universal methodology that could be applied to any water distribution system. This
audit meets the requirements of SB 1420 that was signed into law in September 2014. Understanding
and controlling water loss from a distribution system is an effective way for the City to achieve regulatory
standards and manage their existing resources.
2.3.4.1 AWWA Water Audit Methodology
There are five data categories that are part of the AWWA Water Audit: 1) Water Supplied 2) Authorized
Consumption 3) Water Losses 4) System Data and 5) Cost Data. Data was compiled from questionnaires,
invoices, meter test results, and discussion with the City. Each data value has a corresponding validation
score that evaluates the City's internal processes associated with that data entry. The scoring scale is 1-
10 with 10 representing best practice.
The Water Supplied section represents the volume of water the City delivered from its own sources,
purchased imported water, or water that was either exported or sold to another agency. Validation scores
for each supply source correspond to meter accuracy and how often the meters are calibrated. If the
calibration results of supply meters were provided, a weighted average of errors was calculated for
master meter adjustment. This adjustment factor was applied to reported supply volumes for meters that
were found to register either over or under the true volume. Validity scores for meter adjustment are
based on how often the meter is read and what method is used.
The Authorized Consumption section breaks down consumption of the volume of Water Supplied. Billed
metered water is billed and delivered to customers and makes up the majority of an agency's
consumption. Billed unmetered water is water that is delivered to a customer for a set fee but the actual
quantity of water is not metered. Customer accounts for this type of use are typically determined by utility
policy. Unbilled metered water is the volume used and recorded, but the customer is not charged. This
volume is typically used for City facilities per City policy. Unbilled unmetered water is authorized use that
is neither billed nor metered which typically includes activities such as firefighting, flushing of water mains
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and sewers, street cleaning, and fire flow testing. The AWWA Water Audit recommends using the default
value of 1.25 percent to represent this use, as calculating an accurate volume is often tedious due to the
many different components involved and it represents a small portion of the City's overall use. For each
consumption type listed above the associated validation score reflects utility policy for customer accounts,
frequency of meter testing and replacement, computer-based billing and transition to electronic metering
systems.
Water Losses are defined as the difference between the volume of water supplied and the volume of
authorized consumption. Water losses are further broken down into apparent and real losses. Apparent
losses include unauthorized consumption, customer meter inaccuracies and systematic data handling
errors. Default percentages were provided for the Audit by AWWA for unauthorized consumption and
systematic data handling error as this data is not often available. The corresponding default validation
score assigned is 5 out of 10. A discrete validation score was included for customer meter inaccuracies to
represent quality of meter testing records, testing procedures for meter accuracy, meter replacement
cycles, and inclusion of new meter technology.
System Data includes information about the City's physical distribution system and customer accounts.
The information included is: length of mains, number of active and inactive service connections, location
of customer meters in relation to the property line, and the average operating pressure of the system. The
number of service connections is automatically divided by the length of mains to find the service
connection density of the system. The calculated service connection density determines which
performance indicators best represent a water system's real loss performance. The validity scores in this
section relate to the water system's policies and procedures for calculating and documenting the required
system data, quality of records kept, integration with an electronic database including GIS and SCADA,
and how often this data is verified.
The final section is Cost Data and contains three important financial values related to system operation,
customer cost and water production. The total annual cost of operating the water system, customer retail
unit cost and the variable production cost per AF are included. The customer retail unit value is applied to
the apparent losses to determine lost revenue, while the variable production cost is typically applied to
real losses. In water systems with scarce water supplies, a case can be made for real losses to be valued
at the retail rate, as this volume of water could be sold to additional customers if it were not lost.] Validity
scores for these items consider how often audits of the financial data and supporting documents are
compiled and if third -party accounting professionals are part of the process.
Calculations based on the entered and sufficiently valid data produce a series of results that help the City
quantify the volume and financial impacts of water loss and facilitate comparison of the City's water loss
performance with that of other water systems who have also performed water loss audits using the
AWWA methodology. The City's Data Validity Score was 74 out of 100, with a total water loss volume of
196.88 AFY. The Non -Revenue Water volume represents 3 percent of the total water supplied by the
City. The value of non -revenue water is calculated to be $264,037 per year.
The Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) is a performance indicator developed from the ratio of Current
Annual Real Losses (CARL) to the Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL). CARL was developed as
part of the workbook and explained as real losses above. UARL is developed on a per system basis with
an equation based on empirical data, developed by IWA that factors in the length of mains (including fire
hydrant laterals), number of service connections, average distance of customer service connection piping
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between the curb stop and the customer meter and the total length of customer service piping, all
multiplied by average system pressure. The City received an ILI score of 0.0 which suggests that the
City's real loss volume is beneath the technically achievable minimum, which is possible but unlikely. This
requires further field investigation of leakage if leakage detection and control practices are not extensively
implemented and/or, given the Data Validity Score for some components in the Audit, further
investigation/confirmation of entries such as water supplied/accuracy of supply meters, accuracy of
customer meters, systematic data handling errors, and applicability of the default percentages applied in
the audit.
Apparent losses make up a significant portion of the City's total water loss at 99 percent; most of this was
developed from default percentages provided by the AWWA Water Audit. Based on this information, the
City can improve water loss by taking a closer look at apparent losses and developing a strategy to better
quantify this data in the future. The overall Water Audit score can also be improved by meeting the
standards AWWA has developed for each data point through clear City procedures and reliable data.
The result of the AWWA Water Audit completed for the City as required by the 2015 UWMP is
summarized in Table 2-4. The water loss summary was calculated over a one-year period from available
data and the methodology explained above.
Table 2-3: Water Loss Audit Summary (AF)
Retail: 12 Month Water Loss Audit•.
Reporting Period Start Date
(m m/yyyy)
Volume of Water Loss
07/2013
197
NOTES:
Demand Projectior
Demand projections were developed by MWDOC for each agency within their service area based on
available data as well as land use, population and economic growth. Three trajectories were developed
representing three levels of conservation: 1) continued with existing levels of conservation (lowest
conservation), 2) addition of future passive measures and active measures (baseline conservation), and
3) aggressive turf removal program - 20 percent removal by 2040 (aggressive conservation). The
baseline demand projection was selected for the 2015 UWMP. The baseline scenario assumes the
implementation of future passive measures affecting new developments, including the Model Water
Efficient Landscape, plumbing code efficiencies for toilets, and expected plumbing code for high -
efficiency clothes washers. It also assumes the implementation of future active measures, assuming the
implementation of Metropolitan incentive programs at historical annual levels seen in Orange County.
2.4.1 Demand Projection Methodology
The water demand projections were an outcome of the Orange County (OC) Reliability Study led by
MWDOC where demand projections were divided into three regions within Orange County: Brea/La
Habra, Orange County Groundwater Basin, and South County. The demand projections were obtained
based on multiplying a unit water use factor and a demographic factor for three water use sectors,
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including single-family and multi -family residential (in gallons per day per household), and non-residential
(in gallons per day per employee). The unit water use factors were based on a survey of Orange County
water agencies (FY 2013-14) and represent a normal weather, normal economy, and non -drought
condition. The demographic factors are future demographic projections, including the number of housing
units for single and multi -family residential areas and total employment (number of employees) for the
non-residential sector, as provided by CDR.
The OC Reliability Study accounted for drought impacts on 2016 demands by applying the assumption
that water demands will bounce back to 85 percent of 2014 levels i.e. pre -drought levels by 2020 and 90
percent by 2025 without future conservation, and continue at 90 percent of unit water use through 2040.
The unit water use factor multiplied by a demographic factor yields demand projections without new
conservation. To account for new conservation, projected savings from new passive and active
conservation were subtracted from these demands.
As described above, the OC Reliability Study provided demand projections for three regions within
Orange County: Brea/La Habra, Orange County Groundwater Basin, and South County. The City's water
demand represents a portion of the OC Groundwater Basin region total demand. The City's portion was
estimated as the percentage of the City's five-year (FY 2010-11 to FY 2014-15) average usage compared
to the OC Groundwater Basin region total demand for the same period.
2.4.2 Agency Refinement
Demand projections were developed by MWDOC for the City as part of the OC Reliability Study. The
future demand projections were reviewed and accepted by the City as a basis for the 2015 UWMP.
2.4.3 25 Year Projections
A key component of the 2015 UWMP is to provide insight into the City's future water demand outlook.
The City's current water demand is 11,113 AFY, met through locally pumped groundwater and purchased
imported water from MWDOC. Table 2-4 is a projection of the City's water demand for the next 25 years.
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Table 2-4: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Projected (AF)
Retail: Demands for Potable
Use Type
and Raw Water
AdditionalReport
Description
- Projected
2020
Projected
To the Extent
2025
-
that Records
2030
-
are Available
2035
2040
Single Family
6,220
6,677
6,723
6,721
6,731
Multi -Family
2,490
2,673
2,692
2,691
2,695
Institutional/Governmental
690
741
746
746
747
Commercial
680
730
735
735
736
Industrial
124
133
134
134
134
Landscape
Large
363
390
393
393
393
Other
356
382
385
385
385
Losses
386
1 414
417
1 417
417
TOTAL
11,310
1 12,141
12,224
1 12,221
12,238
NOTES: Data retrieved from MWDOC Customer Class Usage Data and Retail Water Agency
Projections.
The above demand values were provided by MWDOC and reviewed by the City as part of the UWMP
effort. As the regional wholesale supplier for much of Orange County, MWDOC works in collaboration
with each of its retail agencies as well as Metropolitan, its wholesaler, to develop demand projections for
imported water. The City will aim to decrease its reliance on imported water by pursuing a variety of water
conservation strategies, per capita water use is developed in Section 2.5 below.
Table 2-5: Inclusion in Water Use Projections
Retail Only: •Projections
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections?
Yes
If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where
Section 4.1
citations of the codes, ordinances, etc... utilized in demand projections are found.
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In
Yes
Projections?
NOTES:
The demand data presented in this section accounts for passive savings in the future. Passive savings
are water savings as a result of codes, standards, ordinances and public outreach on water conservation
and higher efficiency fixtures. Passive savings are anticipated to continue for the next 25 years and will
result in continued water saving and reduced consumption levels.
2.4.4 Total Water Demand Projections
Based on the information provided above, the total demand for potable water is listed below in Table 2-6.
The City has no plans to provide recycled water in its service area.
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Table 2-6: Total Water Demands (AF)
Total Water Demands
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Potable and Raw Water
11,113
11,310
12,141
12,224
12,221
12,238
Recycled Water Demand
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL WATER DEMAND
11,113
11,310
12,141
12,224
12,221
12,238
NOTES:
2.4.5 Water Use for Lower Income Households
Since 2010, the UWMP Act has required retail water suppliers to include water use projections for single-
family and multi -family residential housing for lower income and affordable households. This will assist the
City in complying with the requirement under Government Code Section 65589.7 granting priority for
providing water service to lower income households. A lower income household is defined as a
household earning below 80 percent of the median household income (MHI).
DWR recommends retail suppliers rely on the housing elements of city or county general plans to quantify
planned lower income housing with the City's service area (DWR, 2015 UWMP Guidebook, February
2016). The Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) assists jurisdictions in updating general plan's
housing elements section. The RHNA identifies housing needs and assesses households by income level
for the City through 2010 decennial Census and 2005-2009 American Community Survey data. The fifth
cycle of the RHNA covers the planning period of October 2013 to October 2021. The Southern California
Association of Governments (SCAG) adopted the RHNA Allocation Plan for this cycle on October 4, 2012
requiring housing elements updates by October 15, 2013. The California Department of Housing and
Community Development reviewed the housing elements data submitted by jurisdictions in the SCAG
region and concluded the data meets statutory requirements for the assessment of current housing
needs.
The housing elements from the RHNA includes low income housing broken down into three categories:
extremely low (less than 30 percent MHI), very low (31 percent - 50 percent MHI), and lower income (51
percent - 80 percent MHI). The report gives the household distribution for all households of various
income levels in the City which can be seen in Table 2-7. Altogether the City has 41.26 percent low
income housing (SCAG, RHNA, November 2013).
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Table 2-7: Household Distribution Based on Median Household Income
Number of Households
2025
9,351
Extremely Low Income
2,458
Very Low Income
2,462
Lower Income
4,945
Moderate Income
4,824
Above Moderate Income
9,222
Total Households
23,911
Table 2-8 provides a breakdown of the projected water needs for low income single family and multifamily
units. The projected water demands shown here represent 41.26 percent of the projected water demand
for the single-family and multifamily categories provided in Table 2-4 above. For example, the total low
income single family residential demand is projected to be 2,567 AFY in 2020 and 2,777 AFY in 2040.
Table 2-8: Projected Water Demands for Housing Needed for Low Income Households (AF)
2020
Total Residential Demand 8,711
2025
9,351
2030
9,415
2035
9,412
2040
9,425
SF Residential Demand -Low Income Households
2,567
2,755
2,774
2,773
2.777
MF Residential Demand -Low Income Households
1,027
1,103
1,111
1,111
1,112
Total Low Income Households Demand
3,594
3,858
3,885
3,884
3,889
SBx7-7 Requirements
The Water Conservation Act of 2009, SBx7-7, signed into law on February 3, 2010, requires the State of
California to reduce urban water use by 20 percent by the year 2020. The City must determine baseline
water use during their baseline period and water use targets for the years 2015 and 2020 to meet the
state's water reduction goal. The City may choose to comply with SBx7-7 individually or as a region in
collaboration with other retail water suppliers. Under the regional compliance option, the City is still
required to report its individual water use targets. The City is required to be in compliance with SBx7-7
either individually or as part of the alliance, or demonstrate they have a plan or have secured funding to
be in compliance, in order to be eligible for water related state grants and loans on and after July 16,
2016.
For the 2015 UWMP, the City must demonstrate compliance with its 2015 water use target to indicate
whether or not they are on track to meeting the 2020 water use target. The City also revised their
baseline per capita water use calculations using 2010 U.S. Census data. Changes in the baseline
calculations also result in updated per capita water use targets.
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DWR also requires the submittal of SBx7-7 Verification Forms, a set of standardized tables to
demonstrate compliance with the Water Conservation Act in this 2015 UWMP. This form is included as
Appendix B.
2.5.1 Baseline Water Use
The baseline water use is the City's gross water use divided by its service area population, reported in
gallons per capita per day (GPCD). Gross water use is a measure of water that enters the distribution
system of the supplier over a 12 -month period with certain allowable exclusions. These exclusions are:
• Recycled water delivered within the service area
• Indirect recycled water
• Water placed in long term storage
• Water conveyed to another urban supplier
• Water delivered for agricultural use
• Process water
Water suppliers within the OCWD Groundwater Basin, including the City, have the option of choosing to
deduct recycled water used for indirect potable reuse from their gross water use to account for the
recharge of recycled water into the OC Basin by OCWD, historically through Water Factory 21, and now
by GWRS.
Water suppliers must report baseline water use for two baseline periods, the 10- to 15 -year baseline
(baseline GPCD) and the five-year baseline (target confirmation) as described below.
2.5.1.1 Ten to 15 -Year Baseline Period (Baseline GPCD)
The first step to calculating the City's water use targets is to determine its base daily per capita water use
(baseline water use). The baseline water use is calculated as a continuous (rolling) 10 -year average
during a period, which ends no earlier than December 31, 2004 and no later than December 31, 2010.
Water suppliers whose recycled water made up 10 percent or more of their 2008 retail water delivery can
use up to a 15 -year average for the calculation. Recycled water use was less than 10 percent of the City's
retail delivery in 2008; therefore, a 10 -year baseline period is used.
The City's baseline water use is 189 GPCD, obtained from the 10 -year period July 1, 1996 to June 30,
2005.
2.5.1.2 Five -Year Baseline Period (Target Confirmation)
Water suppliers are required to calculate water use, in GPCD, for a five-year baseline period. This
number is used to confirm that the selected 2020 target meets the minimum water use reduction
requirements. Regardless of the compliance option adopted by the City, it will need to meet a minimum
water use target of 5 percent reduction from the five-year baseline water use. This five-year baseline
water use is calculated as a continuous five-year average during a period, which ends no earlier than
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December 31, 2007 and no later than December 31, 2010. The City's five-year baseline water use is 184
GPCD, obtained from the five-year period July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2008.
2.5.1.3 Service Area Population
The City's service area boundaries correspond with the boundaries for a city or census designated place.
This allows the City to use service area population estimates prepared by the Department of Finance
(DOF). The Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton, is the entity which
compiles population data for Orange County based on DOF data. The calculation of the City's baseline
water use and water use targets in the 2010 UWMP was based on the 2000 U.S. Census population
numbers obtained from CDR. The baseline water use and water use targets in this 2015 UWMP have
been revised based on the 2010 U.S. Census population obtained from CDR in 2012.
2.5.2 SBx7-7 Water Use Targets
In the 2015 UWMP, the City may update its 2020 water use target by selecting a different target method
than what was used in 2010. The target methods and determination of the 2015 and 2020 targets are
described below.
2.5.2.1 SBx7-7 Target Methods
DWR has established four target calculation methods for urban retail water suppliers to choose from. The
City is required to adopt one of the four options to comply with SBx7-7 requirements. The four options
include:
• Option 1 requires a simple 20 percent reduction from the baseline by 2020 and 10 percent by 2015.
• Option 2 employs a budget -based approach by requiring an agency to achieve a performance
standard based on three metrics
0 Residential indoor water use of 55 GPCD
0 Landscape water use commensurate with the Model Landscape Ordinance
0 10 percent reduction in baseline commercial/industrial/institutional (CII) water use
• Option 3 is to achieve 95 percent of the applicable state hydrologic region target as set forth in the
State's 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan.
• Option 4 requires the subtraction of Total Savings from the baseline GPCD:
0 Total savings includes indoor residential savings, meter savings, CII savings, and landscape and
water loss savings.
With MWDOC's assistance in the calculation of the City's base daily per capita use and water use targets,
the City selected to comply with Option 1 consistent with the option selected in 2010.
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2.5.2.2 2015 and 2020 Targets
Under Compliance Option 1, the simple 20 percent reduction, the City's 2015 target is 170 GPCD and the
2020 target is 151 GPCD as summarized in Table 2-9. The 2015 target is the midway value between the
10 -year baseline and the confirmed 2020 target. In addition, the confirmed 2020 target needs to meet a
minimum of 5 percent reduction from the five-year baseline water use.
Table 2-9: Baselines and Targets Summary
Table 2-10 compares the City's 2015 water use target to its actual 2015 consumption. Based on this
comparison, the City is in compliance with its 2015 interim target and has already met the 2020 water use
target.
Table 2-10: 2015 Compliance
1 • •
•
Did Supplier Achieve
Actual 2015
2015 Interim
Targeted Reduction
GPCD *
Average
2015
Confirmed
Baseline
Start
End
170
Yes
*All values are in Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD)
NOTES:
Baseline
Interim
2020
Period
Year
Year
GPCD*
Target*
Target*
10-15
1996
2005
189
170
151
year
5 Year
1 2004
1 2008
1 184
*All values are in Gallons per Capita per Day
(GPCD)
NOTES:
Table 2-10 compares the City's 2015 water use target to its actual 2015 consumption. Based on this
comparison, the City is in compliance with its 2015 interim target and has already met the 2020 water use
target.
Table 2-10: 2015 Compliance
1 • •
Did Supplier Achieve
Actual 2015
2015 Interim
Targeted Reduction
GPCD *
Target GPCD *
for 2015? Y/N
122
170
Yes
*All values are in Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD)
NOTES:
2.5.3 Regional Alliance
A retail supplier may choose to meet the SBx7-7 targets on its own or it may form a regional alliance with
other retail suppliers to meet the water use target as a region. Within a Regional Alliance, each retail
water supplier will have an additional opportunity to achieve compliance under both an individual target
and a regional target.
• If the Regional Alliance meets its water use target on a regional basis, all agencies in the alliance are
deemed compliant.
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• If the Regional Alliance fails to meet its water use target, each individual supplier will have an
opportunity to meet their water use targets individually.
The City is a member of the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance formed by MWDOC, its
wholesaler. This regional alliance consists of 29 retail agencies in Orange County as described in
MWDOC's 2015 UWMP. MWDOC provides assistance in the calculation of each retail agency's baseline
water use and water use targets.
In 2015, the regional baseline and targets were revised to account for any revisions made by the retail
agencies to their individual 2015 and 2020 targets. The regional water use target is the weighted average
of the individual retail agencies' targets (by population). The Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance
weighted 2015 target is 175.9 GPCD and 2020 target is 156.4 GPCD. The actual 2015 water use in the
region is 129 GPCD, i.e. the region has already met its 2020 GPCD goal.
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3 WATER SOURCES AND SUPPLY RELIABILITY
3.1 Overview
The City relies on a combination of imported water and local groundwater to meet its water needs. The
City works together with three primary agencies, Metropolitan, MWDOC, and OCWD to ensure a safe and
reliable water supply that will continue to serve the community in periods of drought and shortage. The
sources of imported water supplies include the Colorado River and the SWP provided by Metropolitan
and delivered through MWDOC.
The City's main source of water supply is groundwater from the Lower Santa Ana River Groundwater
Basin. Currently, the City relies on 74 percent groundwater and 26 percent imported. It is projected that
by 2040, the water supply mix will change to approximately 95 percent groundwater and 5 percent
imported. The City's projected water supply portfolio is shown on Figure 3-1.
100% 566 •
90%
80%
70%
60%
50% 10,745
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
■ Groundwater ■ Imported
Figure 3-1: Water Supply Sources in the City (AF)
The following sections provide a detailed discussion of the City's water sources as well as the future
water supply portfolio for the next 25 years. Additionally, the City's projected supply and demand under
various hydrological conditions are compared to determine the City's supply reliability for the 25 year
planning horizon.
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3.2 Imported Water
The City supplements its local groundwater with imported water purchased from EOCWD (who purchases
from Metropolitan through MWDOC). The City currently relies on 2,914 AFY of imported water purchased
wholesale from Metropolitan. Metropolitan's principal sources of water are the Colorado River via the
CRA and the Lake Oroville watershed in Northern California through the SWP. The raw water obtained
from these sources is, for Orange County, treated at the Robert B. Diemer Filtration Plant located north of
Yorba Linda. Typically, the Diemer Filtration Plant receives a blend of Colorado River water from Lake
Mathews through the Metropolitan Lower Feeder and SWP water through the Yorba Linda Feeder.
The City maintains three imported water connections to the Metropolitan system. Imported water is
purchased from EOCWD through each of these connections. Water purchased through OC -43 is
distributed directly into the City's system, while water purchased through the other two connections (OC -
48 and OC -70) is also distributed to East Orange County Water District's four other retail customers (City
of Orange, Golden State Water Company, Irvine Ranch Water District and the East Orange County Water
District Retail Zone).
3.2.1 Colorado River Supplies
The Colorado River was Metropolitan's original source of water after Metropolitan's establishment in
1928. The CRA, which is owned and operated by Metropolitan, transports water from the Colorado River
to its terminus at Lake Mathews in Riverside County. The actual amount of water per year that may be
conveyed through the CRA to Metropolitan's member agencies is subject to the availability of Colorado
River water for delivery.
The CRA includes supplies from the implementation of the Quantification Settlement Agreement and
related agreements to transfer water from agricultural agencies to urban uses. The 2003 Quantification
Settlement Agreement enabled California to implement major Colorado River water conservation and
transfer programs, stabilizing water supplies for 75 years and reducing the state's demand on the river to
its 4.4 MAF entitlement. Colorado River transactions are potentially available to supply additional water
up to the CRA capacity of 1.25 million acre-feet (MAF) on an as -needed basis. Water from the Colorado
River or its tributaries is available to users in California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah,
and Wyoming, as well as to Mexico. California is apportioned the use of 4.4 MAF of water from the
Colorado River each year plus one-half of any surplus that may be available for use collectively in
Arizona, California, and Nevada. In addition, California has historically been allowed to use Colorado
River water apportioned to but not used by Arizona or Nevada. Metropolitan has a basic entitlement of
550,000 AFY of Colorado River water, plus surplus water up to an additional 662,000 AFY when the
following conditions exists (Metropolitan, 2015 Draft UWMP, March 2016):
• Water unused by the California holders of priorities 1 through 3
• Water saved by the Palo Verde land management, crop rotation, and water supply program
• When the U.S. Secretary of the Interior makes available either one or both:
o Surplus water is available
o Colorado River water is apportioned to but unused by Arizona and/or Nevada
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Unfortunately, Metropolitan has not received surplus water for a number of years. The Colorado River
supply faces current and future imbalances between water supply and demand in the Colorado River
Basin due to long term drought conditions. Over the past 16 years (2000-2015), there have only been
three years when the Colorado River flow has been above average (Metropolitan, 2015 Draft UWMP,
March 2016). The long-term imbalance in future supply and demand is projected to be approximately 3.2
MAF by the year 2060.
Approximately 40 million people rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries for water with 5.5 million
acres of land using Colorado River water for irrigation. Climate change will affect future supply and
demand as increasing temperatures may increase evapotranspiration from vegetation along with an
increase in water loss due to evaporation in reservoirs, therefore reducing the available amount of supply
from the Colorado River and exacerbating imbalances between increasing demands from rapid growth
and decreasing supplies.
Four water supply scenarios were developed around these uncertainties, each representing possible
water supply conditions. These four scenarios are as follow:
• Observed Resampled: future hydrologic trends and variability are similar to the past approximately
100 years.
• Paleo Resampled: future hydrologic trends and variability are represented by reconstructions of
streamflow for a much longer period in the past (approximately 1,250 years) that show expanded
variability.
• Paleo Conditioned: future hydrologic trends and variability are represented by a blend of the wet -dry
states of the longer paleo-reconstructed period.
• Downscaled General Circulation Model (GCM) Projected: future climate will continue to warm,
with regional precipitation and temperature trends represented through an ensemble of future
downscaled GCM projections.
The Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study (Study) assessed the historical water supply
in the Colorado River Basin through two historical streamflow data sets, from the year 1906 through 2007
and the paleo-reconstructed record from 762 through 2005. The following are findings from the study:
• Increased temperatures in both the Upper and Lower Colorado River Basins since the 1970s has
been observed.
• Loss of springtime snowpack was observed with consistent results across the lower elevation
northern latitudes of the western United States. The large loss of snow at lower elevations strongly
suggest the cause is due to shifts in temperature.
• The deficit between the two year running average flow and the long-term mean annual flow that
started in the year 2000 is more severe than any other deficit in the observed period, at nine years
and 28 MAF deficit.
• There are deficits of greater severity from the longer paleo record compared to the period from 1906
through 2005. One deficit amounted to 35 MAF through a span of 16 years.
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• A summary of the trends from the observed period suggest declining stream flows, increases in
variability, and seasonal shifts in streamflow that may be related to shifts in temperature.
Findings concerning the future projected supply were obtained from the Downscaled GCM Projected
scenario as the other methods did not consider the impacts of a changing climate beyond what has
occurred historically. These findings include:
• Increased temperatures are projected across the Colorado River Basin with larger changes in the
Upper Basin than in the Lower Basin. Annual Basin -wide average temperature is projected to
increase by 1.3 degrees Celsius over the period through 2040.
• Projected seasonal trends toward drying are significant in certain regions. A general trend towards
drying is present in the Colorado River Basin, although increases in precipitation are projected for
some higher elevation and hydrologically productive regions. Consistent and expansive drying
conditions are projected for the spring and summer months throughout the Colorado River Basin,
although some areas in the Lower Basin are projected to experience slight increases in precipitation,
which is thought to be attributed to monsoonal influence in the region. Upper Basin precipitation is
projected to increase in the fall and winter, and Lower Basin precipitation is projected to decrease.
• Snowpack is projected to decrease due to precipitation falling as rain rather than snow and warmer
temperatures melting the snowpack earlier. Areas where precipitation does not change or increase is
projected to have decreased snowpack in the fall and early winter. Substantial decreases in spring
snowpack are projected to be widespread due to earlier melt or sublimation of snowpack.
• Runoff (both direct and base flow) is spatially diverse, but is generally projected to decrease, except
in the northern Rockies. Runoff is projected to increase significantly in the higher elevation Upper
Basin during winter but is projected to decrease during spring and summer.
The following future actions must be taken to implement solutions and help resolve the imbalance
between water supply and demand in areas that use Colorado River water (U.S. Department of the
Interior Bureau of Reclamation, Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study, December
2012):
• Resolution of significant uncertainties related to water conservation, reuse, water banking, and
weather modification concepts.
• Costs, permitting issues, and energy availability issues relating to large -capacity augmentation
projects need to be identified and investigated.
• Opportunities to advance and improve the resolution of future climate projections should be pursued.
• Consideration should be given to projects, policies, and programs that provide a wide -range of
benefits to water users and healthy rivers for all users.
3.2.2 State Water Project Supplies
The SWP consists of a series of pump stations, reservoirs, aqueducts, tunnels, and power plants
operated by DWR and is an integral part of the effort to ensure that business and industry, urban and
suburban residents, and farmers throughout much of California have sufficient water. The SWP is the
largest state -built, multipurpose, user -financed water project in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of
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residents in California receive at least part of their water from the SWP with approximately 70 percent of
SWP's contracted water supply going to urban users and 30 percent to agricultural users. The primary
purpose of the SWP is to divert and store water during wet periods in Northern and Central California and
distribute it to areas of need in Northern California, the San Francisco Bay area, the San Joaquin Valley,
the Central Coast, and southern California.
The availability of water supplies from the SWP can be highly variable. A wet water year may be followed
by a dry or critically dry year and fisheries issues can restrict the operations of the export pumps even
when water supplies are available.
The Sacramento -San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) is key to the SWP's ability to deliver water to its
agricultural and urban contractors. All but five of the 29 SWP contractors receive water deliveries below
the Delta (pumped via the Harvey O. Banks or Barker Slough pumping plants). However, the Delta faces
many challenges concerning its long-term sustainability such as climate change posing a threat of
increased variability in floods and droughts. Sea level rise complicates efforts in managing salinity levels
and preserving water quality in the Delta to ensure a suitable water supply for urban and agricultural use.
Furthermore, other challenges include continued subsidence of Delta islands, many of which are below
sea level, and the related threat of a catastrophic levee failure as the water pressure increases, or as a
result of a major seismic event.
Ongoing regulatory restrictions, such as those imposed by federal biological opinions (Biops) on the
effects of SWP and the federal Central Valley Project (CVP) operations on certain marine life, also
contributes to the challenge of determining the SWP's water delivery reliability. In dry, below -normal
conditions, Metropolitan has increased the supplies delivered through the California Aqueduct by
developing flexible CVP/SWP storage and transfer programs. The goal of the storage/transfer programs
is to develop additional dry -year supplies that can be conveyed through the available Harvey O. Banks
pumping plant capacity to maximize deliveries through the California Aqueduct during dry hydrologic
conditions and regulatory restrictions. In addition, the California State Water Resources Control Board
(SWRCB) has set water quality objectives that must be met by the SWP including minimum Delta
outflows, limits on SWP and CVP Delta exports, and maximum allowable salinity level.
Metropolitan's Board approved a Delta Action Plan in June 2007 that provides a framework for staff to
pursue actions with other agencies and stakeholders to build a sustainable Delta and reduce conflicts
between water supply conveyance and the environment. The Delta action plan aims to prioritize
immediate short-term actions to stabilize the Delta while an ultimate solution is selected, and mid-term
steps to maintain the Delta while a long-term solution is implemented. Currently, Metropolitan is working
towards addressing three basin elements: Delta ecosystem restoration, water supply conveyance, and
flood control protection and storage development.
"Table A" water is the maximum entitlement of SWP water for each water contracting agency. Currently,
the combined maximum Table A amount is 4.17 MAFY. Of this amount, 4.13 MAFY is the maximum
Table A water available for delivery from the Delta pumps as stated in the State Water Contract.
However, deliveries commonly are less than 50 percent of the Table A.
SWP contractors may receive Article 21 water on a short-term basis in addition to Table A water if
requested. Article 21 of SWP contracts allows contractors to receive additional water deliveries only
under specific conditions, generally during wet months of the year (December through March). Because
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an SWP contractor must have an immediate use for Article 21 supply or a place to store it outside of the
SWP, there are few contractors like Metropolitan that can access such supplies. .
Carryover water is SWP water allocated to an SWP contractor and approved for delivery to the contractor
in a given year but not used by the end of the year. The unused water is stored in the SWP's share of
San Luis Reservoir, when space is available, for the contractor to use in the following year.
Turnback pool water is Table A water that has been allocated to SWP contractors that has exceeded their
demands. This water can then be purchased by another contractor depending on its availability.
SWP Delta exports are the water supplies that are transferred directly to SWP contractors or to San Luis
Reservoir storage south of the Delta via the Harvey O. Banks pumping plant. Estimated average annual
Delta exports and SWP Table A water deliveries have generally decreased since 2005, when Delta
export regulations affecting SWP pumping operations became more restrictive due to the Biops. A
summary of SWP water deliveries from the years 2005 and 2013 is summarized in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Metropolitan Colorado River Aqueduct Program Capabilities
The following factors affect the ability to estimate existing and future water delivery reliability:
Water availability at the source: Availability depends on the amount and timing of rain and snow that
fall in any given year. Generally, during a single dry year or two, surface and groundwater storage
can supply most water deliveries, but multiple dry years can result in critically low water reserves.
• Water rights with priority over the SWP: Water users with prior water rights are assigned higher
priority in DWR's modeling of the SWP's water delivery reliability, even ahead of SWP Table A water.
• Climate change: mean temperatures are predicted to vary more significantly than previously
expected. This change in climate is anticipated to bring warmer winter storms that result in less
snowfall at lower elevations, reducing total snowpack. From historical data, DWR projects that by
2050, the Sierra snowpack will be reduced from its historical average by 25 to 40 percent. Increased
precipitation as rain could result in a larger number of "rain -on -snow" events, causing snow to melt
earlier in the year and over fewer days than historically, affecting the availability of water for pumping
by the SWP during summer.
• Regulatory restrictions on SWP Delta exports due to the Biops to protect special -status species such
as delta smelt and spring- and winter -run Chinook salmon. Restrictions on SWP operations imposed
by state and federal agencies contribute substantially to the challenge of accurately determining the
SWP's water delivery reliability in any given year.
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Ongoing environmental and policy planning efforts: the California WaterFix involves water delivery
improvements that could reduce salinity levels by diverting a greater amount of lower salinity
Sacramento water to the South Delta export pumps. The EcoRestore Program aims to restore at
least 30,000 acres of Delta habitat, and plans to be well on the way to meeting that goal by the year
2020.
• Delta levee failure: The levees are vulnerable to failure because most original levees were simply
built with soils dredged from nearby channels and were not engineered. A breach of one or more
levees and island flooding could affect Delta water quality and SWP operations for several months.
When islands are flooded, DWR may need to drastically decrease or even cease SWP Delta exports
to evaluate damage caused by salinity in the Delta.
The Delta Risk Management Strategy addresses the problem of Delta levee failure and evaluates
alternatives to reduce the risk to the Delta. Four scenarios were developed to represent a range of
possible risk reduction strategies (Department of Water Resources, The State Water Project Final
Delivery Capability Report 2015, July 2015). They are:
• Trial Scenario 1 Improved Levees: This scenario looks at improving the reliability of Delta levees
against flood -induced failures by providing up to 100 -year flood protection. The report found that
improved levees would not reduce the risk of potential water export interruptions, nor would it change
the seismic risk of most levees.
• Trial Scenario 2 Armored Pathway: This scenario looks at improving the reliability of water
conveyance by creating a route through the Delta that has high reliability and the ability to minimize
saltwater intrusion into the south Delta. The report found that this scenario would have the joint
benefit of reducing the likelihood of levee failures from flood events and earthquakes, and of
significantly reducing the likelihood of export disruptions.
• Trial Scenario 3 Isolated Conveyance: This scenario looks to provide high reliability for conveyance
of export water by building an isolated conveyance facility on the east side of the Delta. The effects of
this scenario are similar to those for Trial Scenario 2 but with the added consequence of seismic risk
of levee failure on islands that are not part of the isolated conveyance facility.
• Trial Scenario 4 Dual Conveyance: This scenario is a combination of Scenarios 2 and 3 as it looks
to improve reliability and flexibility for conveyance of export water by constructing an isolated
conveyance facility and through -Delta conveyance. It would mitigate the vulnerability of water exports
associated with Delta levee failure and offer flexibility in water exports from the Delta and the isolated
conveyance facility. However, seismic risk would not be reduced on islands not part of the export
conveyance system or infrastructure pathway.
DWR has altered the SWP operations to accommodate species of fish listed under the Biops, and these
changes have adversely impacted SWP deliveries. DWR's Water Allocation Analysis indicated that export
restrictions are currently reducing deliveries to Metropolitan as much as 150 TAF to 200 TAF under
median hydrologic conditions.
Operational constraints likely will continue until a long-term solution to the problems in the Bay -Delta is
identified and implemented. New biological opinions for listed species under the Federal ESA or by the
California Department of Fish and Game's issuance of incidental take authorizations under the Federal
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ESA and California ESA might further adversely affect SWP and CVP operations. Additionally, new
litigation, listings of additional species or new regulatory requirements could further adversely affect SWP
operations in the future by requiring additional export reductions, releases of additional water from
storage or other operational changes impacting water supply operations.
3.2.3 Storage
Storage is a major component of Metropolitan's dry year resource management strategy. Metropolitan's
likelihood of having adequate supply capability to meet projected demands, without implementing its
Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP), is dependent on its storage resources.
Lake Oroville is the SWP's largest storage facility, with a capacity of about 3.5 MAF. The water is
released from Oroville Dam into the Feather River as needed, which converges with the Sacramento
River while some of the water at Bethany Reservoir is diverted from the California Aqueduct into the
South Bay Aqueduct. The primary pumping plant, the Harvey O. Banks pumping plant, pumps Delta
water into the California Aqueduct, which is the longest water conveyance system in California.
Groundwater
Historically, local groundwater has been the cheapest and most reliable source of supply for the City. The
City relies on 8,200 AFY of groundwater from the Lower Santa Ana River Groundwater Basin, also known
as the Orange County Groundwater Basin (Basin). In the effort to maximize local resources, Metropolitan
has partnered with OCWD and MWDOC and its member agencies, which are groundwater producers in
various programs to encourage the development of local resources.
This section provides description of the OC Basin and the management measures taken by OCWD the
basin manager to optimize local supply and minimize overdraft. Moreover, this section provides
information on historical groundwater production as well as a 25 -year projection of the City's groundwater
supply.
3.3.1 Basin Characteristics
The OC Basin underlies the northerly half of Orange County beneath broad lowlands. The OC Basin
managed by OCWD covers an area of approximately 350 square miles, bordered by the Coyote and
Chino Hills to the north, the Santa Ana Mountains to the northeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the
southwest. The OC Basin boundary extends to the Orange County -Los Angeles Line to the northwest,
where groundwater flows across the county line into the Central Groundwater Basin of Los Angeles
County. The total thickness of sedimentary rocks in the OC Basin is over 20,000 feet, with only the upper
2,000 to 4,000 feet containing fresh water. The Pleistocene or younger aquifers comprising this Basin are
over 2,000 feet deep and form a complex series of interconnected sand and gravel deposits. The OC
Basin's full volume is approximately 66 MAF.
There are three major aquifer systems that have been subdivided by OCWD, the Shallow Aquifer System,
the Principal Aquifer System, and the Deep Aquifer System. These three aquifer systems are
hydraulically connected as groundwater is able to flow between each other through intervening aquitards
or discontinuities in the aquitards. The Shallow Aquifer system occurs from the surface to approximately
250 feet below ground surface. Most of the groundwater from this aquifer system is pumped by small
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water systems for industrial and agricultural use. The Principal Aquifer system occurs at depths between
200 and 1,300 feet below ground surface. Over 90 percent of groundwater production is from wells that
are screened within the Principal Aquifer system. Only a minor amount of groundwater is pumped from
the Deep Aquifer system, which underlies the Principal Aquifer system and is up to 2,000 feet deep in the
center of the OC Basin. The three major aquifer systems are shown on Figure 3-2.
VO
Central �` -,• �f
Basin r
f •# {� .spa • :� ;� �. " �,
.r
)
r =.
Orange County'^+'�
Groundwater Basin a3, 3
'Nr '
11> All
r
1 �
w � 41 �.
qf
��r O Layer 1 (Shallow)
S f
0 10,000 20.d0a �'`+�' ML2yer 3 (Deep)
Feet . i OCWU 6aundary
Figure 3-2: Map of the Orange County Groundwater Basin and its Major Aquifer Systems
The OCWD was formed in 1933 by a special legislative act of the California State Legislature to protect
and manage the County's vast, natural, groundwater supply using the best available technology and
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defend its water rights to the OC Basin. This legislation is found in the State of California Statutes, Water
— Uncodified Acts, Act 5683, as amended. The OC Basin is managed by OCWD under the Act, which
functions as a statutorily -imposed physical solution.
Groundwater levels are managed within a safe basin operating range to protect the long-term
sustainability of the OC Basin and to protect against land subsidence. OCWD regulates groundwater
levels in the OC Basin by regulating the annual amount of pumping (OCWD, Groundwater Management
Plan 2015 Update, June 2015).
3.3.2 Basin Production Percentage
The OC Basin is not adjudicated and as such, pumping from the OC Basin is managed through a process
that uses financial incentives to encourage groundwater producers to pump a sustainable amount of
water. The framework for the financial incentives is based on establishing the basin production
percentage (BPP), the percentage of each Producer's total water supply that comes from groundwater
pumped from the OC Basin. Groundwater production at or below the BPP is assessed a Replenishment
Assessment (RA). While there is no legal limit as to how much an agency pumps from the OC Basin,
there is a financial disincentive to pump above the BPP. Agencies that pump above the BPP are charged
the RA plus the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA), which is calculated so that the cost of groundwater
production is greater than MWDOC's full service rate. The BEA can be increased to discourage
production above the BPP. The BPP is set uniformly for all Producers by OCWD on an annual basis.
The BPP is set based on groundwater conditions, availability of imported water supplies, and Basin
management objectives. The supplies available for recharge must be estimated for a given year. The
supplies of recharge water that are estimated are: 1) Santa Ana River stormflow, 2) Natural incidental
recharge, 3) Santa Ana River baseflow, 4) GWRS supplies, and 5) other supplies such as imported water
and recycled water purchased for the Alamitos Barrier. The BPP is a major factor in determining the cost
of groundwater production from the OC Basin for that year.
In some cases, OCWD encourages treating and pumping groundwater that does not meet drinking water
standards in order to protect water quality. This is achieved by using a financial incentive called the BEA
Exemption. A BEA Exemption is used to clean up and contain the spread of poor quality water. OCWD
uses a partial or total exemption of the BEA to compensate a qualified participating agency or Producer
for the costs of treating poor quality groundwater. When OCWD authorizes a BEA exemption for a
project, it is obligated to provide the replenishment water for the production above the BPP and forgoes
the BEA revenue that OCWD would otherwise receive from the producer (OCWD, Groundwater
Management Plan 2015 Update, June 2015).
3.3.2.1 2015 OCWD Groundwater Management Plan
OCWD was formed in 1933 by the California legislature to manage and operate the OC Basin in order to
protect and increase the OC Basin's sustainable yield in a cost-effective manner. As previously
mentioned, the BPP is the primary mechanism used by OCWD to manage pumping in the OC Basin. In
2013, OCWD's Board of Directors adopted a policy to establish a stable BPP with the intention to work
toward achieving and maintaining a 75 percent BPP by FY 2015-16. Although BPP is set at 75 percent,
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based on discussions with OCWD a conservative BPP of 70 percent is assumed through 2040. Principles
of this policy include:
• OCWD's goal is to achieve a stable 75 percent BPP, while maintaining the same process of setting
the BPP on an annual basis, with the BPP set in April of each year after a public hearing has been
held and based upon the public hearing testimony, presented data, and reports provided at that time.
• OCWD would endeavor to transition to the 75 percent BPP between 2013 and 2015 as construction
of the GWRS Initial Expansion Project is completed. This expansion will provide an additional 31,000
AFY of water for recharging the groundwater basin.
• OCWD must manage the OC Basin in a sustainable manner for future generations. The BPP will be
reduced if future conditions warrant the change
• Each project and program to achieve the 75 percent BPP goal will be reviewed individually and
assessed for their economic viability.
The OC Basin's storage levels would be managed in accordance to the 75 percent BPP policy. It is
presumed that the BPP will not decrease as long as the storage levels are between 100,000 and 300,000
AF from full capacity. If the OC Basin is less than 100,000 AF below full capacity, the BPP will be raised.
If the OC Basin is over 350,000 AF below full capacity, additional supplies will be sought after to refill the
OC Basin and the BPP will be lowered.
The OC Basin is managed to maintain water storage levels of not more than 500,000 AF below full
condition to avoid permanent and significant negative or adverse impacts. Operating the OC Basin in this
manner enables OCWD to encourage reduced pumping during wet years when surface water supplies
are plentiful and increase pumping during dry years to provide additional local water supplies during
droughts.
OCWD determines the optimum level of storage for the following year when it sets the BPP each year.
Factors that affect this determination include the current storage level, regional water availability, and
hydrologic conditions. When the OC Basin storage approaches the lower end of the operating range,
immediate issues that must be addressed include seawater intrusion, increased risk of land subsidence,
and potential for shallow wells to become inoperable due to lower water levels (OCWD, Groundwater
Management Plan 2015 Update, June 2015).
3.3.2.2 OCWD Engineer's Report
The OCWD Engineer's Report reports on the groundwater conditions and investigates information related
to water supply and Basin usage within OCWD's service area.
The overall BPP achieved in the 2013 to 2014 water year within OCWD for non -irrigation use was 75.2
percent. However, a BPP level above 75 percent may be difficult to achieve. Therefore, a BPP ranging
from 65 percent to 70 percent is currently being proposed for the ensuing FY 2015-16. Analysis of the OC
Basin's projected accumulated overdraft, the available supplies to the OC Basin (assuming average
hydrology) and the projected pumping demands indicate that this level of pumping can be sustained for
2015-16 without harming the OC Basin.
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A BPP of 70 percent corresponds to approximately 320,000 AF of groundwater production including
22,000 AF of groundwater production above the BPP to account for several groundwater quality
enhancement projects discussed earlier.
In FY 2015-16 additional production of approximately 22,000 AF above the BPP will be undertaken by the
City of Tustin, City of Garden Grove, Mesa Water District, and Irvine Ranch Water District. These
agencies use the additional pumping allowance in order to accommodate groundwater quality
improvement projects. As in prior years, production above the BPP from these projects would be partially
or fully exempt from the BEA as a result of the benefit provided to the OC Basin by removing poor -quality
groundwater and treating it for beneficial use (OCWD, 2013-2014 Engineer's Report, February 2015).
3.3.3 Groundwater Recharge Facilities
Recharging water into the OC Basin through natural and artificial means is essential to support pumping
from the OC Basin. Active recharge of groundwater began in 1949, in response to increasing drawdown
of the OC Basin and consequently the threat of seawater intrusion. The OC Basin's primary source of
recharge is flow from the Santa Ana River, which is diverted into recharge basins and its main Orange
County tributary, Santiago Creek. Other sources of recharge water include natural infiltration, recycled
water, and imported water. Natural recharge consists of subsurface inflow from local hills and mountains,
infiltration of precipitation and irrigation water, recharge in small flood control channels, and groundwater
underflow to and from Los Angeles County and the ocean.
Recycled water for the OC Basin is from two sources. The main source of recycled water is from the
GWRS and is recharged in the surface water system and the Talbert Seawater Barrier. The second
source of recycled water is the Leo J. Vander Lans Treatment Facility which supplies water to the
Alamitos Seawater Barrier. Injection of recycled water into these barriers is an effort by OCWD to control
seawater intrusion into the OC Basin. Operation of the injection wells forms a hydraulic barrier to
seawater intrusion.
Untreated imported water can be used to recharge the OC Basin through the surface water recharge
system in multiple locations, such as Anaheim Lake, Santa Ana River, Irvine Lake, and San Antonio
Creek. Treated imported water can be used for in -lieu recharge, as was performed extensively from 1977
to 2007 (OCWD, Groundwater Management Plan 2015 Update, June 2015).
3.3.4 Metropolitan Groundwater Replenishment Program
OCWD, MWDOC, and Metropolitan have developed a successful and efficient groundwater
replenishment program to increase storage in the OC Basin. The Groundwater Replenishment Program
allows Metropolitan to sell groundwater replenishment water to OCWD and make direct deliveries to
agency distribution systems in lieu of producing water from the groundwater basin when surplus surface
water is available. This program indirectly replenishes the OC Basin by avoiding pumping. In the in -lieu
program, OCWD requests an agency to halt pumping from specified wells. The agency then takes
replacement water through its import connections, which is purchased by OCWD from Metropolitan
(through MWDOC). OCWD purchases the water at a reduced rate, and then bills the agency for the
amount it would have had to pay for energy and the RA if it had produced the water from its wells. The
deferred local production results in water being left in local storage for future use.
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3.3.5 Metropolitan Conjunctive Use Program with OCWD
Since 2004, OCWD, MWDOC, and certain groundwater producers have participated in Metropolitan's
Conjunctive Use Program (CUP). This program allows for the storage of Metropolitan water in the \ Basin.
The existing Metropolitan program provides storage up to 66,000 AF of water in the OC Basin in
exchange for Metropolitan's contribution to improvements in basin management facilities. These
improvements include eight new groundwater production wells, improvements to the seawater intrusion
barrier, and construction of the Diemer Bypass Pipeline. The water is accounted for via the CUP program
administered by the wholesale agencies and is controlled by Metropolitan such that it can be withdrawn
over a three-year time period (OCWD, 2013-2014 Engineer's Report, February 2015).
3.3.6 Groundwater Historical Extraction
The City pumps groundwater through its thirteen operating wells. Table 3-2 displays the City's recent
groundwater production from the OC Basin in the past five years from 2011-15.
Table 3-2: Groundwater Volume Pumped (AF)
Groundwater Volume•
Groundwater Type
Location or Basin
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Name
Alluvial Basin
Orange County
8,784
7,344
9,144
8,010
8,200
Groundwater Basin
TOTAL
8,784
7,344
9,144
8,010
8,200
NOTES:
3.3.7 Overdraft Conditions
Annual groundwater basin overdraft, as defined in OCWD's Act, is the quantity by which production of
groundwater supplies exceeds natural replenishment of groundwater supplies during a water year. This
difference between extraction and replenishment can be estimated by determining the change in volume
of groundwater in storage that would have occurred had supplemental water not been used for any
groundwater recharge purpose, including seawater intrusion protection, advanced water reclamation, and
the in -Lieu Program.
The annual analysis of basin storage change and accumulated overdraft for water year 2013-14 has been
completed. Based on the three -layer methodology, an accumulated overdraft of 342,000 AF was
calculated for the water year ending June 30, 2014. The accumulated overdraft for the water year ending
June 30, 2013 was 242,000 AF, which was also calculated using the three -layer storage method.
Therefore, an annual decrease of 100,000 AF in stored groundwater was calculated as the difference
between the June 2013 and June 2014 accumulated overdrafts (OCWD, 2013-2014 Engineer's Report,
February 2015).
3.4 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water
The actual sources and volume of water for the year 2015 is displayed in Table 3-3.
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 3-3: Water Supplies, Actual (AF)
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Additional Detail on
Water
Water Supply
Actual Volume
Quality
Orange County
Drinking
Groundwater
g 200
Groundwater Basin
Water
Drinking
Purchased or Imported Water
MWDOC
2,914
Water
Total
11,113
NOTES:
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3.5 Recycled Water
The City does not currently supply recycled water.
3.6 Supply Reliability
3.6.1 Overview
Every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under
normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. The City depends on a combination of imported and local
supplies to meet its water demands and has taken numerous steps to ensure it has adequate supplies.
Development of numerous local augment the reliability of the imported water system. There are various
factors that may impact reliability of supplies such as legal, environmental, water quality and climatic
which are discussed below. The water supplies are projected to meet full-service demands;
Metropolitan's 2015 UWMP finds that Metropolitan is able to meet, full-service demands of its member
agencies starting 2020 through 2040 during normal years, single dry year, and multiple dry years.
Metropolitan's 2015 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) update describes the core water resources
that will be used to meet full-service demands at the retail level under all foreseeable hydrologic
conditions from 2020 through 2040. The foundation of Metropolitan's resource strategy for achieving
regional water supply reliability has been to develop and implement water resources programs and
activities through its IRP preferred resource mix. This preferred resource mix includes conservation, local
resources such as water recycling and groundwater recovery, Colorado River supplies and transfers,
SWP supplies and transfers, in -region surface reservoir storage, in -region groundwater storage, out -of -
region banking, treatment, conveyance and infrastructure improvements.
3.6.2 Factors Impacting Reliability
The Act requires a description of water supply reliability and vulnerability to seasonal or climatic shortage.
The following are some of the factors identified by Metropolitan that may have an impact on the reliability
of Metropolitan supplies.
3.6.2.1 Environment
Endangered species protection needs in the Delta have resulted in operational constraints to the SWP
system, as mentioned previously in the State Water Project Supplies section.
3.6.2.2 Legal
The addition of more species under the Endangered Species Act and new regulatory requirements could
impact SWP operations by requiring additional export reductions, releases of additional water from
storage or other operational changes impacting water supply operations.
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
3.6.2.3 Water Quality
3.6.2.3.1 Imported Water
Metropolitan is responsible for providing high quality potable water throughout its service area. Over
300,000 water quality tests are performed per year on Metropolitan's water to test for regulated
contaminants and additional contaminants of concern to ensure the safety of its waters. Metropolitan's
supplies originate primarily from the CRA and from the SWP. A blend of these two sources, proportional
to each year's availability of the source, is then delivered throughout Metropolitan's service area.
Metropolitan's primary water sources face individual water quality issues of concern. The CRA water
source contains higher TDS and the SWP contains higher levels of organic matter, lending to the
formation of disinfection byproducts. To remediate the CRA's high level of salinity and the SWP's high
level of organic matter, Metropolitan blends CRA and SWP supplies and has upgraded all of its treatment
facilities to include ozone treatment processes. In addition, Metropolitan has been engaged in efforts to
protect its Colorado River supplies from threats of uranium, perchlorate, and chromium VI while also
investigating the potential water quality impact of emerging contaminants, N-nitrosodimethylamine
(NDMA), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP). While unforeseeable water quality
issues could alter reliability, Metropolitan's current strategies ensure the deliverability of high quality
water.
The presence of Quagga Mussels in water sources is a water quality concern. Quagga Mussels are an
invasive species that was first discovered in 2007 at Lake Mead, on the Colorado River. This species of
mussels form massive colonies in short periods of time, disrupting ecosystems and blocking water
intakes. They are capable of causing significant disruption and damage to water distribution systems.
Controlling the spread and impacts of this invasive species within the CRA requires extensive
maintenance and results in reduced operational flexibility. It also resulted in Metropolitan eliminating
deliveries of CRA water into Diamond Valley Lake to keep the reservoir free from Quagga Mussels.
3.6.2.3.2 Groundwater
OCWD is responsible for managing the OC Basin. To maintain groundwater quality, OCWD conducts an
extensive monitoring program that serves to manage the OC Basin's groundwater production, control
groundwater contamination, and comply with all required laws and regulations. A network of nearly 700
wells provides OCWD a source for samples, which are tested for a variety of purposes. OCWD collects
600 to 1,700 samples each month to monitor Basin water quality. These samples are collected and tested
according to approved federal and state procedures as well as industry -recognized quality assurance and
control protocols.
Salinity is a significant water quality problem in many parts of southern California, including Orange
County. Salinity is a measure of the dissolved minerals in water including both TDS and nitrates.
OCWD continuously monitors the levels of TDS in wells throughout the OC Basin. TDS currently has a
California Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 500 mg/L. The portions of the OC Basin with
the highest levels are generally located in the Cites of Irvine, Tustin, Yorba Linda, Anaheim, and
Fullerton. There is also a broad area in the central portion of the OC Basin where TDS ranges from 500 to
700 mg/L. Sources of TDS include the water supplies used to recharge the OC Basin and from onsite
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
wastewater treatment systems, also known as septic systems. The TDS concentration in the OC Basin is
expected to decrease over time as the TDS concentration of GWRS water used to recharge the OC Basin
is approximately 50 mg/L
Nitrates are one of the most common and widespread contaminants in groundwater supplies, originating
from fertilizer use, animal feedlots, wastewater disposal systems, and other sources. The MCL for nitrate
in drinking water is set at 10 mg/L. OCWD regularly monitors nitrate levels in groundwater and works with
producers to treat wells that have exceeded safe levels of nitrate concentrations. OCWD manages the
nitrate concentration of water recharged by its facilities to reduce nitrate concentrations in groundwater.
This includes the operation of the Prado Wetlands, which was designed to remove nitrogen and other
pollutants from the Santa Ana River before the water is diverted to be percolated into OCWD's surface
water recharge system.
Although water from the Deep Aquifer System is of very high quality, it is amber -colored and contains a
sulfuric odor due to buried natural organic material. These negative aesthetic qualities require treatment
before use as a source of drinking water. The total volume of the amber -colored groundwater is estimated
to be approximately 1 MAF.
Other contaminants that OCWD monitors within the OC Basin include:
• Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) — MTBE is an additive to gasoline that increases octane ratings
but became a widespread contaminant in groundwater supplies. The greatest source of MTBE
contamination comes from underground fuel tank releases. The primary MCL for MTBE in drinking
water is 13 pg/L.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) — VOCs come from a variety of sources including industrial
degreasers, paint thinners, and dry cleaning solvents. Locations of VOC contamination within the OC
Basin include the former EI Toro marine Corps Air Station, the Shallow Aquifer System, and portions
of the Principal Aquifer System in the Cities of Fullerton and Anaheim.
• NDMA — NDMA is a compound that can occur in wastewater that contains its precursors and is
disinfected via chlorination and/or chloramination. It is also found in food products such as cured
meat, fish, beer, milk, and tobacco smoke. The California Notification Level for NDMA is 10 ng/L and
the Response Level is 300 ng/L. In the past, NDMA has been found in groundwater near the Talbert
Barrier, which was traced to industrial wastewater dischargers.
• 1,4 -Dioxane — 1,4 -Dioxane is a suspected human carcinogen. It is used as a solvent in various
industrial processes such as the manufacture of adhesive products and membranes.
• Perchlorate — Perchlorate enters groundwater through application of fertilizer containing perchlorate,
water imported from the Colorado River, industrial or military sites that have perchlorate, and natural
occurrence. Perchlorate was not detected in 84 percent of the 219 production wells tested between
the years 2010 through 2014.
• Selenium — Selenium is a naturally occurring micronutrient found in soils and groundwater in the
Newport Bay watershed. The bio -accumulation of selenium in the food chain may result in
deformities, stunted growth, reduced hatching success, and suppression of immune systems in fish
and wildlife. Management of selenium is difficult as there is no off-the-shelf treatment technology
available.
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Constituents of Emerging Concern (CEC) — CECs are either synthetic or naturally occurring
substances that are not currently regulated in water supplies or wastewater discharged but can be
detected using very sensitive analytical techniques. The newest group of CECs include
pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors. OCWD's laboratory is one of a
few in the state of California that continuously develops capabilities to analyze for new compounds
(OCWD, Groundwater Management Plan 2015 Update, June 2015).
3.6.2.4 Climate Change
Changing climate patterns are expected to shift precipitation patterns and affect water supply.
Unpredictable weather patterns will make water supply planning more challenging. The areas of concern
for California include a reduction in Sierra Nevada Mountain snowpack, increased intensity and frequency
of extreme weather events, and rising sea levels causing increased risk of Delta levee failure, seawater
intrusion of coastal groundwater basins, and potential cutbacks on the SWP and CVP. The major impact
in California is that without additional surface storage, the earlier and heavier runoff (rather than
snowpack retaining water in storage in the mountains), will result in more water being lost to the oceans.
A heavy emphases on storage is needed in the State of California.
In addition, the Colorado River Basin supplies have been inconsistent since about the year 2000,
resulting in 13 of the last 16 years of the upper basin runoff being below normal. Climate models are
predicting a continuation of this pattern whereby hotter and drier weather conditions will result in
continuing lower runoff.
Legal, environmental, and water quality issues may have impacts on Metropolitan supplies. It is felt,
however, that climatic factors would have more of an impact than legal, water quality, and environmental
factors. Climatic conditions have been projected based on historical patterns but severe pattern changes
are still a possibility in the future.
3.6.3 Normal -Year Reliability Comparison
The City has entitlements to receive imported water from Metropolitan through MWDOC via connection to
Metropolitan's regional distribution system. Although pipeline and connection capacity rights do not
guarantee the availability of water, per se, they do guarantee the ability to convey water when it is
available to the Metropolitan distribution system. All imported water supplies are assumed available to the
City from existing water transmission facilities. The demand and supplies listed below also include local
groundwater supplies that are available to the City through OCWD by a pre -determined pumping
percentage.
For the 2015 UWMP, the normal year was selected based on the range from 1990 through 2014. Due to
ongoing drought conditions within California and the increased implementation of mitigation measures,
this historical range was determined to represent an average water demand for this UWMP.
3.6.4 Single -Dry Year Reliability Comparison
A Single -dry year is defined as a single year of no to minimal rainfall within a period that average
precipitation is expected to occur. The City has documented that it is 100 percent reliable for single dry
year demands from 2020 through 2040 with a demand increase of 6 percent using FY 2013-14 as the
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
single dry -year. This percentage was determined by MWDOC based on historical data for all of its retail
agencies through the "Bump Methodology" that is explained in Appendix G.
3.6.5 Multiple -Dry Year Period Reliability Comparison
Multiple -dry years are defined as three or more years with minimal rainfall within a period of average
precipitation. The City is capable of meeting all customers' demands with significant reserves held by
Metropolitan, local groundwater supplies, and conservation in multiple dry years from 2020 through 2040
with a demand increase of 6 percent using FY 2011-12 through FY 2013-14 as the driest years. MWDOC
chose the highest average demand over a three year period for the multi -dry year demand increase. This
value was repeated over the three year span as a conservative assumption where demand would
increase significantly in a prolonged drought and would remain constant through the years. The basis of
the water year is displayed in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5: Basis of Water Year Data
Retail: Basis of Water Year Data
Year
SuppliesAvailable
Type Repeats�
Quantification of available
supplies is not compatible with
this table and is provided
elsewhere in the UWMP.
Year Type Base Year
Location
Quantification of available
supplies is provided in this
0
table as either volume only,
percent only, or both.
Volume Available
% of Average Supply
Average Year 1990-2014
100%
Single -Dry Year 2014
106%
Multiple -Dry Years 1st Year 2012
106%
Multiple -Dry Years 2nd Year 2013
106%
Multiple -Dry Years 3rd Year 2014
106%
NOTES: Developed by MWDOC as 2015 Bump Methodology
Supply and Demand Assessment
A comparison between the supply and demand for projected years between 2020 and 2040 is shown in
Table 3-6. As stated above, the available supply will meet projected demand due to diversified supply and
conservation measures.
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Table 3-6: Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AF)
Retail: Normal Year
Supply and Demand Comparison
2025
2030
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Supply totals
11,310
12,141
12,224
12,221
12,238
Demand totals
11,310
12,141
12,224
12,221
12,238
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
NOTES:
A comparison between the supply and the demand in a single dry year is shown in Table 3-7. As stated
above, the available supply will meet projected demand due to diversified supply and conservation
measures.
Table 3-7: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AF)
Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison
2020
2025
2030
2035 2040
Supply totals 11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954 12,972
Demand totals 11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954 12,972
Difference 0
0
0
0 0
NOTES: Developed by MWDOC as 2015 Bump Methodology
A comparison between the supply and the demand in multiple dry years is shown in Table 3-8.
Table 3-8: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (AF)
Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply
and Demand
Comparison
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Supply totals
11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954
12,972
First year
Demand totals
11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954
12,972
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
Supply totals
11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954
12,972
Second year
Demand totals
11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954
12,972
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
Supply totals
11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954
12,972
Third year
Demand totals
11,989
12,869
12,957
12,954
12,972
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
NOTES: Developed by MWDOC as 2015 Bump Methodology
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
4 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
The goal of the Demand Management Measures (DMM) section is to provide a comprehensive
description of the water conservation programs that a supplier has implemented, is currently
implementing, and plans to implement in order to meet its urban water use reduction targets. The
reporting requirements for DMM has been significantly modified and streamlined in 2014 by Assembly Bill
2067. For a retail agency such as the City the requirements changed from having 14 specific measures to
six more general requirements plus an "other" category.
4.1 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
City Council adopted the Urgency Ordinance No. 1457 on May 20, 2015 to amend the City's Water
Management Plan in response of the State -mandated water conservation requirements and regulations
that came out in response to the drought conditions in 2014/2015. The ordinance establishes four stages
of increasingly restrictive prohibitions as described below:
• Stage 1 Water Watch (voluntary compliance) applies all elements of Stage 2 on a voluntary basis.
• Stage 2 Water Alert (mandatory compliance) establishes water conservation measures associated to:
o Limit on lawn watering and landscape irrigation
o Irrigation of landscapes shall not occur during and forty-eight (48) hours following measureable
precipitation.
o No washing down hard or paved surfaces
o Limit washing of autos, trucks, mobile homes, buses, trailers, boats, airplanes, and other types of
mobile equipment to quick rinses.
o Limit on watering parks, school grounds, public facilities, and recreational fields.
o Restaurants shall not serve water to their customers except when specifically requested
o Hotels and motels must provide guests with the option of choosing not to have towels and linens
laundered daily
o The operation of any ornamental fountain or similar structure is prohibited unless the fountain or
structure internally recycles the water it uses
o All water leaks shall be repaired immediately
o Agriculture users and commercial nurseries as defined in the Metropolitan water code are exempt
from STAGE 2 irrigation restrictions
o The "dump and fill" practice of swimming pool maintenance is prohibited.
o Customers that utilize turf for beneficial public use may apply for an exemption from the
designated irrigation day provision of Stage 2
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• Stage 3 Water Warning (mandatory compliance) applies all of Stage 2 water conservation measures
plus additional restrictive measures.
• Stage 4 Water Emergency (mandatory compliance) applies all of Stage 3 water conservation
measures plus additional restrictive measures.
The provisions and water conservation measures to be implemented in response to each shortage stage
are further described in Section 5 of the UWMP. The City's water conservation ordinance is included in
Appendix D.
The City requires meters for all new water connections and bills by volume of use. All water service
connections, with the exception of some dedicated fire services, are metered. The City has retrofitted all
existing unmetered connections to be metered. The City will continue to require metering for all
connections. The City does have a meter replacement program and plans to upgrade to an innovative
metering program.
4.3 Conservation Pricina
The City implements a seven -tier increasing block rate structure designed to recover utility's service cost
as well as encourage water conservation and penalize excessive use of water. Customers are billed
bimonthly on the basis of a capital charge and fixed charge based on meter size and a seven -tier
consumption charge. For residential customers with small meters (under 2 inches), the City has
established four different seven -tier consumption charge pricing structures, each corresponds to the four
stages of water demand reduction as described in Section 4.1 of this UWMP to further promote
conservation. For residential and commercial customers with large meters (2 inches or greater), there are
a high, normal, and low pricing structure, irrespective of water demand reduction stages. The customer is
charged based on their prior year consumption: 1) high rate when this year's consumption is greater than
110 percent of prior year consumption; 2) normal rate when this year's consumption is within 90 — 110
percent of prior year consumption; and 3) low rate when this year's consumption is less than 90 percent
of prior year consumption. The current 2016 consumption charges corresponding to Stage 2 water
demand reduction are shown on Table 4-1.
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 4-1: Water Usage Rates
Stage 2 Consumption
Price per Unit
Residential Multiple Units
First 8 units
First 6 units
$0.84
9-16
7-12
$1.48
17-24
13-18
$1.94
25-32
19-24
$2.41
33-40
25-30
$3.05
41-48
31-36
$3.53
49 and over
37 and over
$4.05
Consumption
Residential &
Commercial
First 10 units
Charge for Large Meters (2" and greater)
High Normal Low
$1.02 $0.92 $0.84
11 —20
$1.79
$1.63
$1.48
21 —30
$2.34
$2.13
$1.94
31 —40
$2.91
$2.65
$2.41
41 —50
$3.69
$3.35
$3.05
51 —60
$4.27
$3.88
$3.53
61 and over
$4.91
$4.46
$4.05
4.4 Public Education and Outreach
The City's public education and outreach program is administered by its wholesaler, MWDOC. MWDOC
has established an extensive public education and outreach program to assist its retail agencies in
promoting water use efficiency awareness within their service areas. MWDOC's public education and
outreach programs consist of five primary activities as described below.
In addition to the primary programs it administers, MWDOC also maintains a vibrant public website
(www.mwdoc.com) as well as a social media presence on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. MWDOC's
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Facebook page has more than 1,200 followers. The social media channels are used to educate the public
about water -efficiency, rates and other water -related issues.
MWDOC's public education and outreach programs are described below:
School Education Programs
MWDOC school education programs reach more than 100,000 students per year. The program is broken
into elementary and high school components.
• Elementary School Program reaches 60,000 students throughout Orange County through assemblies
hosted by the Discovery Science Center. MWDOC holds a $220,000 contract with the Discovery
Science Center, funded proportionally by the participating MWDOC retail agencies.
High School Program is new in 2015-16 and will reach students in 20 high schools in Orange County. The
program is administered by MWDOC and operated by two contractors, the OC Department of Education
and the Ecology Center. Through the three-year contract, those agencies will train more than 100 county
teachers on water education on topics such as, water sources, water conservation, water recycling,
watersheds, and ecological solutions for the benefit of their current and future students. Teachers will
learn a variety of water conservation methods, such as irrigation technology, rainwater harvesting, water
recycling, and water foot printing through a tour at the Ecology Center facility. These trainings allow
teachers to support student -led conservation efforts. The program will reach a minimum of 25,000
students by providing in -classroom water education and helping students plan and implement campus
wide "Water Expos" that will allow peer-to-peer instruction on water issues. The $80,000 program is
funded by participating agencies.
Value of Water Communication Program
MWDOC administers this program on behalf of 14 agencies. The $190,000 program involves the water
agencies developing 30 full news pages that will appear weekly in the Orange County Register, the
largest newspaper in the county, with a Sunday readership of 798,000. The campaign will educate OC
residents and business leaders on water infrastructure issues and water efficiency measures, as well as
advertise water related events and other pertinent information.
Quarterly Water Policy Dinners
The Water Policy Dinner events attract 225 to 300 water and civic leaders every quarter. The programs
host speakers topical to the OC water industry, with recent addresses from Felicia Marcus of the state
water board and Dr. Lucy Jones, a noted expert on earthquakes and their potential impact on
infrastructure.
Annual Water Summit
The annual Water Summit brings together 300 Orange County water and civic leaders with state and
national experts on water infrastructure and governance issues. The half-day event has a budget of
$80,000 per year. Portions of the cost are covered by attendance and sponsorships, while MWDOC splits
a portion with its event partner, OCWD.
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Water Inspection Trips
Water Inspection trips take stakeholders on tours of the Colorado River Aqueduct, California Delta and
other key water infrastructure sites. The public trips are required under Metropolitan's regulations. While
Metropolitan covers the cost of the trips, MWDOC has two members of the public affairs staff that work
diligently on identifying OC residents and leaders to attend. MWDOC staff also attends each trip. In the
past year, MWDOC participated in a dozen trips, each taking an average of 30 residents. MWDOC also
works with Metropolitan on special trips to educate County Grand Jurors the key water infrastructure.
4.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss
Senate Bill 1420 signed into law in September 2014 requires urban water suppliers that submit UWMPs
to calculate annual system water losses using the water audit methodology developed by the AWWA. SB
1420 requires the water loss audit be submitted to DWR every five years as part of the urban water
supplier's UWMP. Water auditing is the basis for effective water loss control. DWR's UWMP Guidebook
include a water audit manual intended to help water utilities complete the AWWA Water Audit on an
annual basis. A Water Loss Audit was completed for the City which identified areas for improvement and
quantified total loss. Based on the data presented, the three priority areas identified were water imported,
billed metered, and customer metering inaccuracies. Multiple criteria are a part of each validity score and
a system wide approach will need to be implemented for the City's improvement. Quantified water loss for
the FY 2013-14 was 197 AF.
As part of the City's water system Capital Improvement Program (CIP), a program has been developed
and scheduling is in place to retrofit old distribution pipelines on an annual basis. The City maintains an
emergency response program that aggressively repairs main breaks, hydrant leaks or breaks, and meter
leaks. A team of the City's staff are available to permanently repair main or hydrant breaks, and promptly
restore water service. Both proactive and "inform and response" approaches are used for addressing
water meter leaks when next day service is performed.
Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support
Although the City does not have staff specifically dedicated to water conservation, the City staff works
closely with the Water Use Efficiency staff of MWDOC to provide successful execution of regional
programs, and those conducted on behalf of the City. The City may either directly participate in or be
represented by MWDOC in regional workgroups including the Water Use Efficiency Workgroup, Public
Affairs Workgroup, County of Orange Supervisor's Water Task Force, and the Orange County Water Use
Efficiency Steering Committee.
4.7 Other Demand Management Measures
The City held a Drought Expo to educate residents about water conservation and participates in
MWDOC's high school education program.
During the past five years, FY 2010-11 to 2014-15, the City, with the assistance of MWDOC, has
implemented many water use efficiency programs for its residential, CII, and landscape customers as
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
described below. Appendix I provides quantities of rebates and installations achieved under each
program since program inception. The City will continue to implement all applicable programs in the next
five years.
4.7.1 Residential Programs
Water Smart Home Survey Program
The Water Smart Home Survey Program provides free home water surveys (indoor and outdoor). The
Water Smart Home Survey Program uses a Site Water Use Audit program format to perform
comprehensive, single-family home audits. Residents choose to have outdoor (and indoor, if desired)
audits to identify opportunities for water savings throughout their properties. A customized home water
audit report is provided after each site audit is completed and provides the resident with their survey
results, rebate information, and an overall water score.
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate Program
The High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) Rebate Program provides residential customers with
rebates for purchasing and installing WaterSense labeled HECWs. HECWs use 35-50 percent less water
than standard washer models, with savings of approximately 9,000 gallons per year, per device. Devices
must have a water factor of 4.0 or less, and a listing of qualified products can be found at
ocwatersmart. com. There is a maximum of one rebate per home.
High Efficiency Toilet Rebate Program
The largest amount of water used inside a home, 30 percent, goes toward flushing the toilet. The High
Efficiency Toilet (HET) Rebate Program offers incentives to residential customers for replacing their
standard, water -guzzling toilets with HETs. HETs use just 1.28 gallons of water or less per flush, which is
20 percent less water than standard toilets. In addition, HETS save an average of 38 gallons of water per
day while maintaining high performance standards.
4.7.2 CII Programs
Water Smart Hotel Program
Water used in hotels and other lodging businesses accounts for approximately 15 percent of the total
water use in commercial and institutional facilities in the United States. The Water Smart Hotel Program
provides water use surveys, customized facility reports, technical assistance, and enhanced incentives to
hotels that invest in water use efficiency improvements. Rebates available include high efficiency toilets,
ultralow volume urinals, air-cooled ice machines, weather -based irrigation controllers, and rotating
nozzles.
Socal Water$mart Rebate Program for CII
The City through MWDOC offers financial incentives under the Socal Water$mart Rebate Program which
offers rebates for various water efficient devices to CII customers, such as high efficiency toilets, ultralow
volume urinals, connectionless food steamers, air-cooled ice machines, pH -cooling towers controller, and
dry vacuum pumps.
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4.7.3 Landscape Programs
Turf Removal Program
The Orange County Turf Removal Program offers incentives to remove non -recreational turf grass from
commercial properties throughout the County. This program is a partnership between MWDOC,
Metropolitan, and local retail water agency. The goals of this program are to increase water use efficiency
within Orange County, reduce runoff leaving the properties, and evaluate the effectiveness of turf removal
as a water -saving practice. Participants are encouraged to replace their turf grass with drought -tolerant
landscaping, diverse plant palettes, and artificial turf, and they are encouraged to retrofit their irrigation
systems with Smart Timers and drip irrigation (or to remove it entirely).
Water Smart Landscape Program
MWDOC's Water Smart Landscape Program is a free water management tool for homeowner
associations, landscapers, and property managers. Participants in the program use the Internet to track
their irrigation meter's monthly water use and compare it to a custom water budget established by the
program. This enables property managers and landscapers to easily identify areas that are over/under
watered and enhances their accountability to homeowner association boards.
Smart Timer Rebate Program
Smart Timers are irrigation clocks that are either weather -based irrigation controllers (WBIC) or soil
moisture sensor systems. WBICs adjust automatically to reflect changes in local weather and site-specific
landscape needs, such as soil type, slopes, and plant material. When WBICs are programmed properly,
turf and plants receive the proper amount of water throughout the year. During the fall months, when
property owners and landscape professionals often overwater, Smart Timers can save significant
amounts of water.
Rotating Nozzles Rebate Program
The Rotating Nozzle Rebate Program provides incentives to residential and commercial properties for the
replacement of high -precipitation rate spray nozzles with low -precipitation rate multi -stream, multi -
trajectory rotating nozzles. The rebate offered through this Program aims to offset the cost of the device
and installation.
Spray to Drip Rebate Program
The Spray to Drip Pilot Rebate Program offers residential and commercial customers rebates for
converting planting areas irrigated by spray heads to drip irrigation. Drip irrigation systems are very water -
efficient. Rather than spraying wide areas, drip systems use point emitters to deliver water to specific
locations at or near plant root zones. Water drips slowly from the emitters either onto the soil surface or
below ground. As a result, less water is lost to wind and evaporation.
Socal Water$mart Rebate Program for Landscape
The City through MWDOC also offers financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program
for a variety of water efficient landscape devices, such as Central Computer Irrigation Controllers, large
rotary nozzles, and in -stem flow regulators.
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5 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
5.1 Overview
In connection with recent water supply challenges, the State Water Resources Control Board found that
California has been subject to multi-year droughts in the past, and the Southwest is becoming drier,
increasing the probability of prolonged droughts in the future. Due to current and potential future water
supply shortages, Governor Brown issued a drought emergency proclamation on January 2014 and
signed the 2014 Executive Order that directs urban water suppliers to implement drought response plans
to limit outdoor irrigation and wasteful water practices if they are not already in place. Pursuant to
California Water Code Section 106, it is the declared policy of the state that domestic water use is the
highest use of water and the next highest use is irrigation. This section describes the water supply
shortage policies Metropolitan and the City have in place to respond to events including catastrophic
interruption and reduction in water supply.
5.2 Shortage Actions
5.2.1 Metropolitan Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan
Metropolitan evaluates the level of supplies available and existing levels of water in storage to determine
the appropriate management stage annually. Each stage is associated with specific resource
management actions to avoid extreme shortages to the extent possible and minimize adverse impacts to
retail customers should an extreme shortage occur. The sequencing outlined in the Water Surplus and
Drought Management (WSDM) Plan reflects anticipated responses towards Metropolitan's existing and
expected resource mix.
Surplus stages occur when net annual deliveries can be made to water storage programs. Under the
WSDM Plan, there are four surplus management stages that provides a framework for actions to take for
surplus supplies. Deliveries in DVL and in SWP terminal reservoirs continue through each surplus stage
provided there is available storage capacity. Withdrawals from DVL for regulatory purposes or to meet
seasonal demands may occur in any stage.
The WSDM Plan distinguishes between shortages, severe shortages, and extreme shortages. The
differences between each term is listed below.
• Shortage: Metropolitan can meet full-service demands and partially meet or fully meet interruptible
demands using stored water or water transfers as necessary.
• Severe Shortage: Metropolitan can meet full-service demands only by using stored water, transfers,
and possibly calling for extraordinary conservation.
• Extreme Shortage: Metropolitan must allocate available supply to full-service customers.
There are six shortage management stages to guide resource management activities. These stages are
defined by shortfalls in imported supply and water balances in Metropolitan's storage programs. When
Metropolitan must make net withdrawals from storage to meet demands, it is considered to be in a
shortage condition. Figure 5-1 gives a summary of actions under each surplus and shortage stages when
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an allocation plan is necessary to enforce mandatory cutbacks. The goal of the WSDM Plan is to avoid
Stage 6, an extreme shortage.
Figure 5-1: Resource Stages, Anticipated Actions, and Supply Declarations
Metropolitan's Board of Directors adopted a Water Supply Condition Framework in June 2008 in order to
communicate the urgency of the region's water supply situation and the need for further water
conservation practices. The framework has four conditions, each calling increasing levels of conservation.
Descriptions for each of the four conditions are listed below:
• Baseline Water Use Efficiency: Ongoing conservation, outreach, and recycling programs to achieve
permanent reductions in water use and build storage reserves.
• Condition 1 Water Supply Watch: Local agency voluntary dry -year conservation measures and use of
regional storage reserves.
• Condition 2 Water Supply Alert: Regional call for cities, counties, member agencies, and retail water
agencies to implement extraordinary conservation through drought ordinances and other measures to
mitigate use of storage reserves.
• Condition 3 Water Supply Allocation: Implement Metropolitan's WSAP
As noted in Condition 3, should supplies become limited to the point where imported water demands
cannot be met, Metropolitan will allocate water through the WSAP (Metropolitan, 2015 Final Draft UWMP,
March 2016).
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5.2.2 Metropolitan Water Supply Allocation Plan
Metropolitan's imported supplies have been impacted by a number of water supply challenges as noted
earlier. In case of extreme water shortage within the Metropolitan service area is the implementation of its
WSAP.
Metropolitan's Board of Directors adopted the WSAP in February 2008 to fairly distribute a limited amount
of water supply and applies it through a detailed methodology to reflect a range of local conditions and
needs of the region's retail water consumers.
The WSAP includes the specific formula for calculating member agency supply allocations and the key
implementation elements needed for administering an allocation. Metropolitan's WSAP is the foundation
for the urban water shortage contingency analysis required under Water Code Section 10632 and is part
of Metropolitan's 2015 UWMP.
Metropolitan's WSAP was developed in consideration of the principles and guidelines in Metropolitan's
1999 WSDM Plan with the core objective of creating an equitable "needs -based allocation". The WSAP's
formula seeks to balance the impacts of a shortage at the retail level while maintaining equity on the
wholesale level for shortages of Metropolitan supplies of up to 50 percent. The formula takes into account
a number of factors, such as the impact on retail customers, growth in population, changes in supply
conditions, investments in local resources, demand hardening aspects of water conservation savings,
recycled water, extraordinary storage and transfer actions, and groundwater imported water needs.
The formula is calculated in three steps: 1) based period calculations, 2) allocation year calculations, and
3) supply allocation calculations. The first two steps involve standard computations, while the third step
contains specific methodology developed for the WSAP.
Step 1: Base Period Calculations — The first step in calculating a member agency's water supply
allocation is to estimate their water supply and demand using a historical based period with established
water supply and delivery data. The base period for each of the different categories of supply and
demand is calculated using data from the two most recent non -shortage fiscal years ending 2013 and
2014.
Step 2: Allocation Year Calculations — The next step in calculating the member agency's water supply
allocation is estimating water needs in the allocation year. This is done by adjusting the base period
estimates of retail demand for population growth and changes in local supplies.
Step 3: Supply Allocation Calculations — The final step is calculating the water supply allocation for
each member agency based on the allocation year water needs identified in Step 2.
In order to implement the WSAP, Metropolitan's Board of Directors makes a determination on the level of
the regional shortage, based on specific criteria, typically in April. The criteria used by Metropolitan
includes, current levels of storage, estimated water supplies conditions, and projected imported water
demands. The allocations, if deemed necessary, go into effect in July of the same year and remain in
effect for a 12 -month period. The schedule is made at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
Although Metropolitan's 2015 UWMP forecasts that Metropolitan will be able to meet projected imported
demands throughout the projected period from 2020 to 2040, uncertainty in supply conditions can result
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in Metropolitan needing to implement its WSAP to preserve dry -year storage and curtail demands
(Metropolitan, 2015 Draft UWMP, March 2016).
5.2.3 MWDOC Water Supply Allocation Plan
To prepare for the potential allocation of imported water supplies from Metropolitan, MWDOC worked
collaboratively with its 28 retail agencies to develop its own WSAP that was adopted in January 2009 and
amended in 2015. The MWDOC WSAP outlines how MWDOC will determine and implement each of its
retail agency's allocation during a time of shortage.
The MWDOC WSAP uses a similar method and approach, when reasonable, as that of the Metropolitan's
WSAP. However, MWDOC's plan remains flexible to use an alternative approach when Metropolitan's
method produces a significant unintended result for the member agencies. The MWDOC WSAP model
follows five basic steps to determine a retail agency's imported supply allocation.
Step 1: Determine Baseline Information — The first step in calculating a water supply allocation is to
estimate water supply and demand using a historical based period with established water supply and
delivery data. The base period for each of the different categories of demand and supply is calculated
using data from the last two non -shortage fiscal years ending 2013 and 2014.
Step 2: Establish Allocation Year Information — In this step, the model adjusts for each retail agency's
water need in the allocation year. This is done by adjusting the base period estimates for increased retail
water demand based on population growth and changes in local supplies.
Step 3: Calculate Initial Minimum Allocation Based on Metropolitan's Declared Shortage Level —
This step sets the initial water supply allocation for each retail agency. After a regional shortage level is
established, MWDOC will calculate the initial allocation as a percentage of adjusted Base Period
Imported water needs within the model for each retail agency.
Step 4: Apply Allocation Adjustments and Credits in the Areas of Retail Impacts and
Conservation— In this step, the model assigns additional water to address disparate impacts at the retail
level caused by an across-the-board cut of imported supplies. It also applies a conservation credit given
to those agencies that have achieved additional water savings at the retail level as a result of successful
implementation of water conservation devices, programs and rate structures.
Step 5: Sum Total Allocations and Determine Retail Reliability— This is the final step in calculating a
retail agency's total allocation for imported supplies. The model sums an agency's total imported
allocation with all of the adjustments and credits and then calculates each agency's retail reliability
compared to its Allocation Year Retail Demand.
The MWDOC WSAP includes additional measures for plan implementation, including the following:
• Appeal Process — An appeals process to provide retail agencies the opportunity to request a change
to their allocation based on new or corrected information. MWDOC anticipates that under most
circumstances, a retail agency's appeal will be the basis for an appeal to Metropolitan by MWDOC.
• Melded Allocation Surcharge Structure — At the end of the allocation year, MWDOC would only
charge an allocation surcharge to each retail agency that exceeded their allocation if MWDOC
exceeds its total allocation and is required to pay a surcharge to Metropolitan. Metropolitan enforces
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allocations to retail agencies through an allocation surcharge to a retail agency that exceeds its total
annual allocation at the end of the 12 -month allocation period. MWDOC's surcharge would be
assessed according to the retail agency's prorated share (AF over usage) of MWDOC amount with
Metropolitan. Surcharge funds collected by Metropolitan will be invested in its Water Management
Fund, which is used to in part to fund expenditures in dry -year conservation and local resource
development.
• Tracking and Reporting Water Usage — MWDOC will provide each retail agency with water use
monthly reports that will compare each retail agency's current cumulative retail usage to their
allocation baseline. MWDOC will also provide quarterly reports on it cumulative retail usage versus its
allocation baseline.
Timeline and Option to Revisit the Plan — The allocation period will cover 12 consecutive months and
the Regional Shortage Level will be set for the entire allocation period. MWDOC only anticipates
calling for allocation when Metropolitan declares a shortage; and no later than 30 days from
Metropolitan's declaration will MWDOC announce allocation to its retail agencies.
5.2.4 City of Tustin
City Council adopted Ordinance No. 1457 on June 2, 2015 as an amendment to the previous Water
Management Program. Depending on seasonal demand considerations, one of four stages of the
Ordinance would be implemented. Table 5-1 displays the four stages of supply reduction (Tustin,
Ordinance No. 1457, May 2015) .
The City does not have set percent supply reduction for each water shortage stage. The City will
implement the percent supply reduction on its own discretion as it enters into a water shortage stage.
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Table 5-1: Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Retail
Stages of Water Shortage• Plan
Complete B•
Stage Percent Water Supply Condition
Supply
Reduction
Due to drought or other water supply conditions, a water supply shortage or
threatened shortage exists and a consumer demand reduction is necessary to
1
0-10%
make more efficient use of water and appropriately respond to existing water
conditions.
Due to drought or other water supply conditions, a water supply shortage or
threatened shortage exists and a mandatory consumer demand reduction is
2
10-28%
necessary to make more efficient use of water and appropriately respond to
existing water conditions.
A further consumer demand is necessary beyond that which is likely to be
3
28-40%
achieved through Stage 2 restrictions.
A further consumer demand is necessary beyond that which is likely to be
4
50%
achieved through Stage 3 restrictions.
NOTES:
5.3 Three -Year Minimum Water Supply
As a matter of practice, Metropolitan does not provide annual estimates of the minimum supplies
available to its member agencies. As such, Metropolitan member agencies must develop their own
estimates for the purposes of meeting the requirements of the Act.
Section 135 of the Metropolitan Water District Act declares that a member agency has the right to invoke
its "preferential right" to water, which grants each member agency a preferential right to purchase a
percentage of Metropolitan's available supplies based on specified, cumulative financial contributions to
Metropolitan. Each year, Metropolitan calculates and distributes each member agency's percentage of
preferential rights. However, since Metropolitan's creation in 1927, no member agency has ever invoked
these rights as a means of acquiring limited supplies from Metropolitan.
As an alternative to invoking preferential rights, Metropolitan and its member agencies accepted the
terms and conditions of Metropolitan's shortage allocation plan, which allocated imported water under
limited supply conditions. In fact, in FY 2015-2016, Metropolitan implemented its WSAP at a stage level 3
(seeking no greater than a 15 percent regional reduction of water use), which is the largest reduction
Metropolitan has ever imposed on its member agencies. This WSAP level 3 reduction was determined
when Metropolitan water supplies from the SWP was at its lowest levels ever delivered and water storage
declined greater than 1 MAF in one year.
MWDOC has adopted a shortage allocation plan and accompanying allocation model that estimates firm
demands on MWDOC. Assuming MWDOC would not be imposing mandatory restrictions if Metropolitan
is not, the estimate of firm demands in MWDOC's latest allocation model has been used to estimate the
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minimum imported supplies available to each of MWDOC's retail agencies for 2015-2018. Thus, the
estimate of the minimum imported supplies available to the City is 12,401 AF as shown in Table 5-2
(MWDOC, Water Shortage Allocation Model, November 2015).
Table 5-2: Minimum Supply Next Three Years (AF)
Retail: Minimum Supply Next Three Years
2016 2017 2018
Available Water 12,401 12,401 12,401
Supply
NOTES:
5.4 Catastrophic Supply Interruption
Given the great distances that imported supplies travel to reach Orange County, the region is vulnerable
to interruptions along hundreds of miles aqueducts, pipelines and other facilities associated with
delivering the supplies to the region. Additionally, the infrastructure in place to deliver supplies are
susceptible to damage from earthquakes and other disasters.
5.4.1 Metropolitan
Metropolitan has comprehensive plans for stages of actions it would undertake to address a catastrophic
interruption in water supplies through its WSDM Plan and WSAP. Metropolitan also developed an
Emergency Storage Requirement to mitigate against potential interruption in water supplies resulting from
catastrophic occurrences within the southern California region, including seismic events along the San
Andreas Fault. In addition, Metropolitan is working with the state to implement a comprehensive
improvement plan to address catastrophic occurrences outside of the southern California region, such as
a maximum probable seismic event in the Delta that would cause levee failure and disruption of SWP
deliveries. For greater detail on Metropolitan's planned responses to catastrophic interruption, please
refer to Metropolitan's 2015 UWMP.
5.4.2 Water Emergency Response of Orange County
In 1983, the Orange County water community identified a need to develop a plan on how agencies would
respond effectively to disasters impacting the regional water distribution system. The collective efforts of
these agencies resulted in the formation of the Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange
County (WEROC) to coordinate emergency response on behalf of all Orange County water and
wastewater agencies, develop an emergency plan to respond to disasters, and conduct disaster training
exercises for the Orange County water community. WEROC was established with the creation of an
indemnification agreement between its member agencies to protect each other against civil liabilities and
to facilitate the exchange of resources. WEROC is unique in its ability to provide a single point of contact
for representation of all water and wastewater utilities in Orange County during a disaster. This
representation is to the county, state, and federal disaster coordination agencies. Within the Orange
County Operational Area, WEROC is the recognized contact for emergency response for the water
community, including the City.
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5.4.3 City of Tustin
A water shortage emergency could be caused by a catastrophic event such as result of drought, failures
of transmission facilities, a regional power outage, earthquake, flooding, supply contamination from
chemical spills, or other adverse conditions. The City maintains and exercises a comprehensive
Emergency Management Program for such emergencies including Water Shortage Emergency
Response.
The City will follow normal operating procedures until a situation is beyond its control. This includes
implementation of any allocation plan passed through by MWDOC for Metropolitan and water shortage
contingency plans of OCWD.
If the situation is beyond the City's control, the City's Emergency Operations Center (EOC) may be
activated to better manage the situation. If the situation warrants, the EOC may be activated at which time
a water representative will be sent to the EOC to coordinate water emergency response.
In the event the EOC is activated, the City Management Policy Group will set priorities. When the EOC is
activated, the City will take its direction from the EOC. An EOC Action Plan will be developed in the EOC
that will carry out the policies dictated by the Policy Group. The City will use the EOC Action Plan in
determining its course of action.
If the situation is beyond the City's control, additional assistance will be sought through coordination with
WEROC and the County Operational Area.
Prohibitions, Penalties and Consumption Reduction Methods
5.5.1 Prohibitions
The Mandatory Water Conservation and Rationing Program Ordinance No. 1457 lists water conservation
requirements, which shall take effect upon implementation by the City Council. These prohibitions shall
promote the efficient use of water, reduce or eliminate water waste, and enable implementation of the
City's Water Shortage Contingency Measures. The list of prohibitions is displayed in Table 5-3 (Tustin,
Ordinance No. 1457, June 2015)
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Table 5-3: Restrictions and Prohibitions on End Uses
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Prohibitions on • Uses
Retail
Only: • •
Restrictions and
Penalty,
Stage
Prohibitions on End
Additional Explanation or Reference
Charge, or
Other
Users
Enforcement
Between April 1 and October 31, lawn watering and
landscape irrigation will be limited to two days a
week, including construction meter irrigation, and is
not permitted between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and
6:00 p.m. Any high efficiency sprinkler nozzle that
qualifies for a rebate from Metropolitan and drip
irrigation or a similar water efficient watering system
shall be limited to a maximum of 15 minutes per
Landscape -Limit
irrigation station. All other irrigation is limited to a
2
landscape irrigation to
maximum of 5 minutes per irrigation station. A "
Yes
specific days
designated irrigation day' is determined by the last
digit in the street address. Properties with addresses
ending in an even number may use water on Tuesday
and Saturday. Addresses ending with an odd number
may use water on Wednesday and Sunday. During
the period from November 1 and March 31, lawn
watering and landscape irrigation will be further
limited to one day a week, with even -numbered
street addresses watering on Tuesday and odd -
numbered street addresses watering on Wednesday.
Irrigation of landscapes shall not occur during and
Landscape - Limit
forty eight (48) hours following measureable
2
landscape irrigation to
precipitation. "Measurable precipitation" shall mean
Yes
specific times
a one-quarter (1/4) inch or more of rainfall falling
within the City of Tustin within any 24-hour period.
Other - Prohibit use of
2
potable water for
-
Yes
washing hard surfaces
Washing of autos, trucks, mobile homes, buses,
trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile
Other - Prohibit
equipment shall be limited to quick rinses and be
vehicle washing
done with a hand- held bucket or a hand- held hose
2
except at facilities
equipped with a positive shut-off nozzle. Washing is
Yes
using recycled or
permitted at any time on the immediate premises of
recirculating water
a commercial car wash. Further, such washing is
exempted from these regulations where health,
safety and welfare of the public is contingent upon
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Only:Retail
Penalty,
Restrictions and
Charge, or
Stage
Prohibitions on End
Additional Explanation or Reference
Other
Users
Enforcement
frequent vehicle cleaning such as garbage trucks and
vehicles used to transport food and perishables.
Landscape - Limit
Watering parks, school grounds, public facilities, and
2
landscape irrigation to
recreational fields is not permitted between the
Yes
specific times
hours of 6: 00 a.m. and 6: 00 p.m.
CII - Restaurants may
2
only serve water upon
-
Yes
request
CII - Lodging
establishment must
2
offer opt out of linen
-
Yes
service
Water Features -
Restrict water use for
The operation of any ornamental fountain or similar
2
decorative water
structure is prohibited unless the fountain or
Yes
features, such as
structure internally recycles the water it uses.
fountains
Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
2
breaks, and
-
Yes
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Agriculture users and commercial nurseries as
Landscape -Prohibit
defined in the Metropolitan Code are exempt from
2
certain types of
Yes
STAGE 2 irrigation restrictions, but will be required to
landscape irrigation
curtail all nonessential water use.
Other water feature
The " dump and fill' practice of swimming pool
2
or swimming pool
maintenance is prohibited. Pools may be topped off
Yes
restriction
to prevent damage to pump and filter equipment.
Customers that utilize turf for beneficial public use
may apply for an exemption from the designated
irrigation day provision of Stage 2. A conservation
Landscape - Other
plan shall be provided that provides specific actions
2
landscape restriction
that will be taken to reduce potable water use by the
Yes
or prohibition
amount required by the State Water Resources
Control Board. Designated irrigation days shall
remain in effect until the City has reviewed and
approved the customer conservation plan.
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Only:Retail
Restrictions and
Penalty,
Stage
Prohibitions on End
Additional Explanation or Reference
Charge, or
Other
Users
Enforcement
Exemptions shall be revoked if required conservation
amounts are not met.
Lawn watering and landscape irrigation will be
limited to one day a week, including construction
meter irrigation, and is permitted only on designated
irrigation days and only between the hours of 6:00 p.
m. and 6:00 a. m. Any high efficiency sprinkler nozzle
that qualifies for a rebate from Metropolitan and
Landscape -Limit
drip irrigation or a similar water efficient watering
3
landscape irrigation to
system shall be limited to a maximum of 15 minutes
Yes
specific times
per irrigation station. All other irrigation is limited to
a maximum of 5 minutes per irrigation station. A
"designated irrigation day" is determined by the last
digit in the street address. Properties with addresses
ending in an even number may water lawns and
landscape on Tuesday. Addresses ending with an odd
number may water lawns and landscape on
Wednesday.
Washing of autos, trucks, mobile homes, buses,
trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile
equipment is prohibited. Washing is permitted at any
Other -Prohibit
time on the immediate premises of a commercial car
vehicle washing
wash. The use of water by all types of commercial
3
except at facilities
car washes not using partially reclaimed or recycled
Yes
using recycled or
water shall be reduced in volume by 20/. Further,
recirculating water
such washings are exempted from these regulations
where the health, safety and welfare of the public is
contingent upon frequent vehicle cleaning such as
garbage trucks and vehicles used to transport food
and perishables.
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Only:Retail
Restrictions and
Penalty,
Stage
Prohibitions on End
Additional Explanation or Reference
Charge, or
Other
Users
Enforcement
Agricultural users and commercial nurseries shall use
water only between the hours of 6:00 p. m. and 6: 00
a. m. and may be subject to additional restrictions if
Landscape - Prohibit
the state, regional or local agency or jurisdiction
3
certain types of
deems necessary. The City will make a good faith
Yes
landscape irrigation
effort to inform agricultural users and commercial
nurseries of any such restrictions. Monetary
penalties will be passed through to agricultural
customers, if assessed by the State Water Resources
Control Board, Metropolitan, or MWDOC.
Water Features -
Restrict water use for
The operation of any ornamental fountain or similar
3
decorative water
structure is prohibited, even when recycled water is
Yes
features, such as
used.
fountains
Construction water shall not be used for earthwork
Other - Prohibit use of
or road construction purposes unless authorized as a
potable water for
mitigation or erosion control, compaction or
3
construction and dust
backfilling earthwork or as required by the Air
Yes
control
Quality Management Plan (AQMP) Control Measure
F- 4.
Landscape -Prohibit
The use of water for commercial, industrial,
3
all landscape
institutional, manufacturing or processing purposes
Yes
shall be essential use only. All outdoor irrigation is
irrigation
prohibited.
Pools and Spas -
3
Require covers for
-
Yes
pools and spas
Landscape — Prohibit
4
all landscape
-
Yes
irrigation
Washing of autos, trucks, mobile homes, buses,
Other -Prohibit
trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile
vehicle washing
equipment is prohibited. Washing is permitted at any
4
except at facilities
time on the immediate premises of a commercial car
Yes
using recycled or
wash. The use of water by all types of commercial
recirculating water
car washes not using partially reclaimed or recycled
water shall be reduced in volume by 50%. Further,
such washings are exempted from these regulations
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Only:Retail
Restrictions and
Penalty,
Stage
Prohibitions on End
Additional Explanation or Reference
Charge, or
Other
Users
Enforcement
where the health, safety and welfare of the public is
contingent upon frequent vehicle cleaning such as
garbage trucks and vehicles used to transport food
and perishables.
Other water feature
Filling, refilling, or adding of water to swimming
4
or swimming pool
pools, spas, ponds, and artificial lakes is prohibited.
Yes
restriction
Watering of parks, school grounds, public facilities
Landscape - Prohibit
and recreation fields is prohibited with the exception
4
certain types of
of plant materials classified to be rare, exceptionally
Yes
landscape irrigation
valuable, or essential to the well-being of rare
animals.
The use of water from fire hydrants shall be limited
4
Other
to firefighting or related activities necessary to
Yes
maintain the health, safety, and welfare of the
public.
Landscape - Prohibit
The use of water for agricultural or commercial
4
certain types of
nursery purposes, except for livestock watering, is
Yes
landscape irrigation
prohibited.
New construction meters or permits for unmetered
service will not be issued. Construction water shall
4
Other
not be used for earth work or road construction
Yes
purposes, except to maintain the health, safety and
welfare of the public or as required by the AQMP
Control Measure F-4.
The use of water for commercial, industrial,
institutional, manufacturing or processing purposes
4
Other
shall be reduced in volume by 50% or as mandated
Yes
by the State Water Resources Control Board and
limited to off-peak hours, whichever is greater.
4
Other
No water shall be used for air conditioning purposes.
Yes
NOTES: Stage 1 water conservation measures are all the measures listed during a Stage 2 Water
Shortage but is on a voluntary basis only. Water conservation measures are mandatory only during a
Stage 2, Stage 3, or Stage 4 Water Shortage.
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5.5.2 Penalties
There are no fines or notices of violation during a Stage 1 condition unless it is determined that
unreasonable waste or unreasonable use of water has occurred.
The first violation of any restriction from a Stage 2, Stage 3, or Stage 4 condition will result in a fine of one
hundred dollars ($100). A second violation will result in a two hundred dollar ($200) fine and a third
violation will result in a five hundred dollar ($500) fine. A fifth violation will result in the City installing a flow
restricting device in the customer's water service line for a period not less than 48 hours. The customer
shall pay all applicable fines prior to removal of the flow restricting device. For the sixth and each
subsequent violation of any restriction, the City may discontinue water service for a period of not less than
24 hours (Tustin, Ordinance No. 1457, May 2015).
5.5.3 Consumption Reduction Methods
Table 5-4 lists the consumption reduction methods that will be used to reduce water use in restrictive
stages.
Table 5-4: Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan - Consumption Reduction Methods
Retail •
Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan - Consumption Reduction Methods
Stage
Consumption Reduction
Methods by Water Supplier
Additional Explanation or Reference
1
Other
Water Watch Conservation Measures
2
Other
Water Alert Conservation Measures
3
Other
Water Warning Conservation Measures
4
Other
Water Emergency Conservation Measures
NOTES:
Impacts to Revenu
The actions described above to address a range of water shortage conditions have the potential to impact
the City's revenues and expenditures. To assess these impacts, the City calculated the revenue impacts
resulting from a 10, 25 and 50 percent reduction in sales as compared to an estimate of a normal year
baseline. Other factors incorporated into the analysis included water losses, pricing structure and avoided
costs.
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Table 5-5: Revenue Impacts Analysis
Demand
Baseline
i
i
Water Purchased (HCF)
1,271,686
1,144,518
953,765
635,843
Water Produced (HCF)
3,581,595
3,223,435
2,686,196
1,790,797
Water Losses (HCF)
290,998
261,898
218,249
145,499
Water Sales (HCF)
4,562,283
4,106,054
3,421,712
2,281,141
Tier 1 (%)
80.00%
80.0%
80.0%
80.0%
Tier 2 (%)
13.00%
13.0%
13.0%
13.0%
Tier 3 (%)
1.00%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
Tier 4 (%)
3.00%
3.0%
3.0%
3.0%
Tier 5 (%)
1.00%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
Tier 6 (%)
1.00%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
Tier 7 (%)
1.00%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
Tier 1 (HCF)
3,649,826
3,284,844
2,737,370
1,824,913
Tier 2 (HCF)
593,097
533,787
444,823
296,548
Tier 3 (HCF)
45,623
41,061
34,217
22,811
Tier 4 (HCF)
136,868
123,182
102,651
68,434
Tier 5 (HCF)
45,623
41,061
34,217
22,811
Tier 6 (HCF)
45,623
41,061
34,217
22,811
Tier 7 (HCF)
45,623
41,061
34,217
22,811
Total 4,562,283
4,106,054
3,421,712
2,281,141
Revenue
Tier 1 ($)
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
Tier 2 ($)
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.48
Tier 3 ($)
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
Tier 4 ($)
2.41
2.41
2.41
2.41
Tier 5 ($)
3.05
3.05
3.05
3.05
Tier 6 ($)
3.53
3.53
3.53
3.53
Tier 7 ($)
4.05
4.05
4.05
4.05
Tier 1 Revenue
3,065,854
2,759,269
2,299,390
1,532,927
Tier 2 Revenue
877,783
790,005
658,337
438,892
Tier 3 Revenue
88,508
79,657
66,381
44,254
Tier 4 Revenue
329,853
296,868
247,390
164,927
Tier 5 Revenue
139,150
125,235
104,362
69,575
Tier 6 Revenue
161,049
144,944
120,786
80,524
Tier 7 Revenue
184,772
166,295
138,579
92,386
Total $ 4,846,969
$ 4,362,272
$ 3,635,227
$ 2,423,485
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Demand
Fixed Monthly/Bimonthly Charge
Revenue
Baseline
$6,309,415
10%
$6,309,415
25%
$6,309,415
50%
$6,309,415
Total Rate Revenue
$11,156,384
$10,671,687
$9,944,642
$8,732,899
Revenue Lost
($484,697)
($1,211,742)
($2,423,485)
Variable Costs
Sources of Supply, Pumping
$4,259,949
$3,833,954
$3,194,962
$2,129,974
Purchased Water Cost
$2,629,479
$2,366,531
$1,972,109
$1,314,740
Total
$6,889,428
$6,200,485
$5,167,071
$3,444,714
Unit Costs ($/HCF)
Purchased Water Cost
$2.07
$2.07
$2.07
$2.07
Sources of Supply, Pumping
$1.19
$1.19
$1.19
$1.19
Avoided Costs
$688,943
$1,722,357
$3,444,714
Net Revenue Change
$204,246
$510,615
$1,021,229
Rate Revenue Increase Required
-1.80%
-4.38%
-8.39%
The following measures can be implemented by the City to overcome each reduction in water sales
scenario outlined above depending on anticipated short-term and long-term financial impacts.
• The City can draw needed funds from its emergency operation and maintenance fund.
• The City can defer non -mission critical capital improvement projects and reallocate the funds to cover
the cost of operations and critical maintenance.
• The City Council can declare a water shortage and implement the City's Water Shortage Contingency
Plan. Depending on the severity of the shortage and impact on revenue, the City Council may
increase water rates, by an amount necessary as determined by the City Council. The subsequent
rate increases enacted will remain in effect until such time the City Council declares a water shortage
no longer exists.
Reduction Measuring Mechanism
Under normal water supply conditions, potable water production figures are recorded daily. Daily
production figures will be reported to the Public Works Director, who will then compare the weekly
production to the target weekly production to verify that the reduction goal is being met. If reduction goals
are not being met, monthly reports will be sent to the City Council. Totals are reported weekly to the Chief
Water Operator. Totals are reported monthly to the Public Works Director and incorporated into the water
supply report.
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The City will participate in monthly retail agency manager meetings with both MWDOC and OCWD to
monitor and discuss monthly water allocation charts. This will enable the City to be aware of imported and
groundwater use on a timely basis as a result of specific actions taken responding to the Water Shortage
Contingency Plan.
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6 RECYCLED WATER
Recycled water opportunities have continued to grow in Southern California as public acceptance and the
need to expand local water resources continues to be a priority. Recycled water also provides a degree of
flexibility and added reliability during drought conditions when imported water supplies are restricted.
Recycled water is wastewater that is treated through primary, secondary and tertiary processes and is
acceptable for most non -potable water purposes such as irrigation, and commercial and industrial
process water per Title 22 requirements.
6.1 Agency Coordination
The City does not own or operate wastewater treatment facilities or sewers and sends all collected
wastewater to Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) for treatment and disposal. OCWD is the
manager of the OC Basin and strives to maintain and increase the reliability of the OC Basin through
replenishment with imported water, stormwater, and advanced treated wastewater. OCWD and OCSD
have jointly constructed and expanded two water recycling projects to meet this goal that include: 1)
OCWD Green Acres Project (GAP) and 2) OCWD Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS).
6.1.1 OCWD Green Acres Project
OCWD owns and operates the GAP, a water recycling system that provides up to 8,400 AFY of recycled
water for irrigation and industrial uses. GAP provides an alternate source of water that is mainly delivered
to parks, golf courses, greenbelts, cemeteries, and nurseries in the cities of Costa Mesa, Fountain Valley,
Newport Beach, and Santa Ana. Approximately 100 sites use GAP water, current recycled water users
include Mile Square Park and Golf Courses in Fountain Valley, Costa Mesa Country Club, Chroma
Systems carpet dyeing, Kaiser Permanente, and Caltrans. The City does not receive any GAP water.
6.1.2 OCWD Groundwater Replenishment System
OCWD's GWRS receives secondary treated wastewater from OCSD and purifies it to levels that meet
and exceed all state and federal drinking water standards. The GWRS Phase I plant has been operational
since January 2008, and uses a three-step advanced treatment process consisting of microfiltration (MF),
reverse osmosis (RO), and ultraviolet (UV) light with hydrogen peroxide. A portion of the treated water is
injected into the seawater barrier to prevent seawater intrusion into the groundwater basin. The other
portion of the water is pumped to ponds where the water percolates into deep aquifers and becomes part
of Orange County's water supply. The treatment process described on OCWD's website is provided
below (OCWD, GWRS, 2015).
GWRS Treatment Process
The first step of the treatment process after receiving the secondary treated wastewater is a separation
process called MF that uses hollow polypropylene fibers with 0.2 micron diameter holes in the sides.
Suspended solids, protozoa, bacteria and some viruses are filtered out when drawing water through the
holes to the center of the fibers.
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The second step of the process consists of RO, semi -permeable polyamide polymer (plastic) membranes
that water is forced through under high pressure. RO removes dissolved chemicals, viruses and
pharmaceuticals in the water resulting in near -distilled -quality water that requires minerals be added back
in to stabilize the water. This process was used by OCWD from 1975 to 2004 at their Water Factory 21
(WF -21) to purify treated wastewater from OCSD for injection into the seawater intrusion barrier.
The third step of the process involves water being exposed to high-intensity UV light with hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) for disinfection and removal of any trace organic compounds that may have passed
through the RO membranes. The trace organic compounds may include NDMA and 1-4 Dioxane, which
have been removed to the parts -per trillion level. UV disinfection with H2O2 is an effective
disinfection/advanced oxidation process that keeps these compounds from reaching drinking water
supplies.
OCWD's GWRS has a current production capacity of 112,100 AFY with the expansion that was
completed in 2015. Approximately 39,200 AFY of the highly purified water is pumped into the injection
wells and 72,900 AFY is pumped to the percolation ponds in the city of Anaheim where the water is
naturally filtered through sand and gravel to deep aquifers of the groundwater basin. The OC Basin
provides approximately 72 percent of the potable water supply for north and central Orange County.
The design and construction of the first phase (78,500 AFY) of the GWRS project was jointly funded by
OCWD and OCSD; Phase 2 expansion (33,600 AFY) was funded solely by OCWD. Expansion beyond
this is currently in discussion and could provide an additional 33,600 AFY of water, increasing total
GWRS production to 145,700 AFY. The GWRS is the world's largest water purification system for indirect
potable reuse (IPR).
6.2 Wastewater Description and
The City does not provide wastewater services within its service area and relies on OCSD and the Irvine
Ranch Water District (IRWD) for sewer maintenance. Collected wastewater is sent to OCSD's plants
located in the cities of Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley.
OCSD's Plant No. 1 in Fountain Valley has a capacity of 320 million gallons per day (MGD) and Plant No.
2 in Huntington Beach has a capacity of 312 MGD. Both plants share a common ocean outfall, but Plant
No. 1 currently provides all of its secondary treated wastewater to OCWD's GWRS for beneficial reuse.
The 120 -inch diameter ocean outfall extends 4 miles off the coast of Huntington Beach. A 78 -inch
diameter emergency outfall also extends 1.3 miles off the coast.
No wastewater is treated or disposed in the City's service area as OCSD treats and disposes all of the
City's wastewater.
6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses
There are currently no recycled water uses within the City's service area.
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6.4 Potential Recycled Water Uses
While the City recognizes the potential for beneficial reuse in their service area, there is no source of
recycled water supply in proximity to the City. The City's wastewater is conveyed to OCSD's regional
treatment facilities where the wastewater is treated, recycled, or discharged to the ocean. Recycled water
analyses performed over the years have shown that local treatment and reuse facilities are not feasible.
The City supports, encourages, and contributes to the continued development of recycled water and
potential uses throughout the region with OCWD's GWRS.
6.4.1 Direct Non -Potable Reuse
The City does not have any direct non -potable uses within their service area and does not currently have
the potential for non -potable reuse as a result of nonexistent or planned recycled water infrastructure.
6.4.2 Indirect Potable Reuse
The City benefits from OCWD's GWRS system that provides indirect potable reuse through
replenishment of Orange County's Groundwater Basin with water that meets state and federal drinking
water standards.
6.F Optimization Plan
The City does not use recycled water, therefore, there is no need for a recycled water optimization plan.
In other areas of Orange County, recycled water is used for irrigating golf courses, parks, schools,
businesses, and communal landscaping, as well as for groundwater recharge. Analyses have indicated
that present worth costs to incorporate recycled water within the City are not cost effective as compared
to purchasing imported water from MWDOC, or using groundwater. The City will continue to conduct
feasibility studies for recycled water and seek out creative solutions such as funding, regulatory
requirements, institutional arrangement and public acceptance for recycled water use with MWDOC,
OCWD, Metropolitan and other cooperative agencies.
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7 FUTURE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS
7.1 Water Management Tools
Resource optimization such as desalination and IPR minimize the City's and region's reliance on imported
water. Optimization efforts are typically led by regional agencies in collaboration with local/retail agencies.
7.2 Transfer or Exchange Opportunities
Interconnections with other agencies result in the ability to share water supplies during short term
emergency situations or planned shutdowns of major imported water systems. The City maintains
emergency interconnections with the Golden State Water Company, the City of Santa Ana, and the Irvine
Ranch Water District.
MWDOC continues to help its retail agencies develop transfer and exchange opportunities that promote
reliability within their systems. Therefore, MWDOC will look to help its retail agencies navigate the
operational and administrative issues of transfers within the Metropolitan distribution system. Currently,
there are no transfer or exchange opportunities.
Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs
The City's Capital Improvement Program identifies planned design and construction projects as described
below.
Simon Ranch Reservoir and Booster Pump Station Replacement - demolish and construct new
reservoir and booster pump station to increase supply reliability in the distribution system.
Edinger Avenue Well Installation — drill and install Newport Avenue/Edinger Avenue well and
appurtenances for increased water system reliability.
Tustin Avenue/Santa Clara Avenue Water Main Project — provide secondary connection to the City's
distribution system from the Tustin Avenue Well to Santa Clara Avenue with the pipeline crossing State
Route 55 freeway for increased supply reliability.
Drill and Install Water Well and Wellhead at Tustin Avenue — replace existing Tustin Avenue Well
located at 1822 N. Tustin Ave with a high capacity well and appurtenances.
7.4 Desalination Opportunities
In 2001, Metropolitan developed a Seawater Desalination Program (SDP) to provide incentives for
developing new seawater desalination projects in Metropolitan's service area. In 2014, Metropolitan
modified the provisions of their Local Resources Program (LRP) to include incentives for locally produced
seawater desalination projects that reduce the need for imported supplies. To qualify for the incentive,
proposed projects must replace an existing demand or prevent new demand on Metropolitan's imported
water supplies. In return, Metropolitan offers two incentive formulas under the program:
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• Up to $340 per AF for 25 years, depending on the unit cost of seawater produced compared to the
cost of Metropolitan supplies
• Up to $475 per AF for 15 years, depending on the unit cost of seawater produced compared to the
cost of Metropolitan supplies
Developing local supplies within Metropolitan's service area is part of their IRP goal of improving water
supply reliability in the region. Creating new local supplies reduce pressure on imported supplies from the
SWP and Colorado River.
On May 6th, 2015, the SWRCB approved an amendment to the state's Water Quality Control Plan for the
Ocean Waters of California (California Ocean Plan) to address effects associated with the construction
and operation of seawater desalination facilities (Desalination Amendment). The amendment supports the
use of ocean water as a reliable supplement to traditional water supplies while protecting marine life and
water quality. The California Ocean Plan now formally acknowledges seawater desalination as a
beneficial use of the Pacific Ocean and the Desalination Amendment provides a uniform, consistent
process for permitting seawater desalination facilities statewide.
If the following projects are developed, Metropolitan's imported water deliveries to Orange County could
be reduced. These projects include the Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project, the Doheny
Desalination Project, and the Camp Pendleton Seawater Desalination Project.
The City has not investigated seawater desalination as a result of economic and physical impediments
7.4.1 Groundwater
The City is one of the producers of BEA -exempt groundwater. The projects consist of two groundwater
treatment facilities that are allowed above the BPP and the charges are BEA -exempt. The first facility is
the Main Street Treatment Plant, operating since 1989 to reduce nitrate levels from the groundwater
produced by Wells No. 3 and 4 by blending untreated groundwater with treatment plant product water
which undergoes reverse osmosis and ion exchange treatment processes. The second facility is the
Tustin Seventeenth Street Desalter, operating since 1996 to reduce high nitrate and total dissolved solids
concentration from groundwater produced by Wells No. 2 and 4 and the Newport well using reverse
osmosis (OCWD, 2015 Groundwater Management Plan, June 2015).
7.4.2 Ocean Water
Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project— Poseidon Resources LLC (Poseidon), a private
company, is developing the Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project to be co -located at the AES
Power Plant in the City of Huntington Beach along Pacific Coast Highway and Newland Street. The
proposed project would produce up to 50 MGD (56,000 AFY) of drinking water to provide approximately
10 percent of Orange County's water supply needs.
Over the past several years, Poseidon has been working with OCWD on the general terms and conditions
for selling the water to OCWD. OCWD and MWDOC have proposed a few distribution options to agencies
in Orange County. The northern option proposes the water be distributed to the northern agencies closer
to the plant within OCWD's service area with the possibility of recharging/injecting a portion of the product
water into the OC Groundwater Basin. The southern option builds on the northern option by delivering a
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portion of the product water through the existing OC -44 pipeline for conveyance to the south Orange
County water agencies. A third option is also being explored that includes all of the product water to be
recharged into the OC Groundwater Basin. Currently, a combination of these options could be pursued.
OCWD's current Long -Term Facilities Plan (LTFP) identifies the Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination
project as a priority project and determined the plant capacity of 56,000 AFY as the single largest source
of new, local drinking water available to the region. In addition to offsetting imported demand, water from
this project could provide OCWD with management flexibility in the OC Groundwater Basin by
augmenting supplies into the Talbert Seawater Barrier to prevent seawater intrusion.
In May 2015, OCWD and Poseidon entered into a Term Sheet that provided the overall partner structure
in order to advance the project. Based on the initial Term Sheet, Poseidon would be responsible for
permitting, financing, design, construction, and operations of the treatment plant while OCWD would
purchase the production volume, assuming the product water quality and quantity meet specific contract
parameters and criteria. Furthermore, OCWD would then distribute the water in Orange County using one
of the proposed distribution options described above.
Currently, the project is in the late -stages of the regulatory permit approval process and Poseidon hopes
to obtain the last discretionary permit necessary to construct the plant from the California Coastal
Commission (CCC) in 2016. If the CCC permit is obtained, the plant could be operational as early as
2019.
Doheny Desalination Project— In 2013, after five years and $6.2 million to investigate use of a slant well
intake for the Doheny Desalination Project, it was concluded the project was feasible and could produce
15 MGD (16,800 AFY) of new potable water supplies to five participating agencies. These agencies
consist of: South Coast Water District (SCWD), City of San Clemente, City of San Juan Capistrano,
Laguna Beach County Water District (LBCWD) and Moulton Niguel Water District.
Only SCWD and LBCWD expressed interest in moving forward after work was completed, with the other
agencies electing to monitor the work and consider options to subsequently come back into the project
while considering other water supply investments.
More recently, LBCWD has had success in using previously held water rights in the OC groundwater
basin and may elect to move forward with that project instead of ocean desalination. A final decision is
pending based on securing the necessary approvals on the groundwater agreement.
SCWD has taken the lead on the desalination project and has hired a consulting team to proceed with
project development for the Doheny Desalination Project. Major items scheduled over the next year
include:
• Preliminary Design Report and Cost Estimate
• Brine Outfall Analysis
• Environmental Impact Report (EIR) Process
• Environmental Permitting Approvals
• Public Outreach
• Project Funding
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• Project Delivery Method
• Economic Analysis
The schedule for this project includes start-up and operation of up to a 5 MGD (5,600 AFY) facility by the
end of 2019. SCWD anticipates leaving the option open for other agencies to participate in a larger, 15
MGD facility, with subsequent permitting and construction of additional slant wells and treatment capacity.
Camp Pendleton Seawater Desalination Project— San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) is
studying a desalination project to be located at the southwest corner of Camp Pendleton Marine Corps
Base adjacent to the Santa Margarita River. The initial project would be a 50 (56,000 AFY) or 100
(112,100 AFY) MGD plant with expansions in 50 MGD increments to a maximum capacity of 150 MGD
(168,100 AFY), making this the largest proposed desalination plant in the US.
The project is currently in the feasibility study stage and SDCWA is conducting geological surveys,
analyzing intake options, and studying the effect on ocean life and routes to bring desalinated water to
SDCWA's delivery system. MWDOC and south Orange County agencies are maintaining an interest in
the project.
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8 UWMP ADOPTION PROCESS
Recognizing that close coordination among other relevant public agencies is key to the success of its
UWMP, the City worked closely with entities such as MWDOC to develop and update this planning
document. The City also encouraged public involvement by holding a public hearing for residents to learn
and ask questions about their water supply.
This section provides the information required in Article 3 of the Water Code related to adoption and
implementation of the UWMP. Table 8-1 summarizes external coordination and outreach activities carried
out by the City and their corresponding dates. The UWMP checklist to confirm compliance with the Water
Code is provided in Appendix A.
Table 8-1: External Coordination and Outreach
External Coordination d Outreach
Date
Re!erence
5/24/16 &
Encouraged public involvement (Public Hearing)
Appendix E
5/31/16
Notified city or county within supplier's service area that water
supplier is preparing an updated UWMP (at least 60 days prior to
3/16/16
Appendix E
public hearing)
Held public hearing
6/7/16
Appendix E
Adopted UWMP
Appendix F
Submitted UWMP to DWR (no later than 30 days after adoption)
Submitted UWMP to the California State Library and city or
county within the supplier's service area (no later than 30 days
after adoption)
Made UWMP available for public review (no later than 30 days
after filing with DWR)
This UWMP was adopted by the City Council on DATE, 2016. A copy of the adopted resolution is
provided in Appendix F.
A change from the 2004 legislative session to the 2009 legislative session required the City to notify any
city or county within its service area at least 60 days prior to the public hearing. As shown in Table 8-2,
the City sent a Letter of Notification to the County of Orange on DATE, 2016 to state that it was in the
process of preparing an updated UWMP (Appendix E).
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Table 8-2: Notification to Cities and Counties
8.1 Public Participation
The City encourages community participation in developing its urban water management planning efforts.
For this UWMP update, a public meeting was held on DATE, 2016 to review and receive comments on
the draft plan before the City Council approval. Legal public notices for the meeting were published in the
local newspaper and posted at City facilities. Copies of the draft plan were available at the City Clerk's
and Utilities Department offices. A copy of the published Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix
E.
8.2 Agency Coordination
The City's water supply planning relates to the policies, rules, and regulations of its regional and local
water providers. The City is dependent on imported water from Metropolitan through MWDOC and
EOCWD, its regional wholesaler. The City is also dependent on groundwater from OCWD, the agency
that manages the OC Basin. As such, the City involved these water providers in this 2015 UWMP at
various levels of contribution.
8.3.1 Review of 2010 UWMP Implementation
As required by California Water Code, the City summarized Water Conservation Programs implemented
to date, and compared them to those planned in its 2010 UWMP.
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to Cities • Counties
Retail: Notification
City Name
60 Day Notice
Notice of Public
Hearing
Santa Ana
RI
0
County Name
60 Day Notice
Notice of Public
Hearing
Orange County
RI
0
NOTES:
8.1 Public Participation
The City encourages community participation in developing its urban water management planning efforts.
For this UWMP update, a public meeting was held on DATE, 2016 to review and receive comments on
the draft plan before the City Council approval. Legal public notices for the meeting were published in the
local newspaper and posted at City facilities. Copies of the draft plan were available at the City Clerk's
and Utilities Department offices. A copy of the published Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix
E.
8.2 Agency Coordination
The City's water supply planning relates to the policies, rules, and regulations of its regional and local
water providers. The City is dependent on imported water from Metropolitan through MWDOC and
EOCWD, its regional wholesaler. The City is also dependent on groundwater from OCWD, the agency
that manages the OC Basin. As such, the City involved these water providers in this 2015 UWMP at
various levels of contribution.
8.3.1 Review of 2010 UWMP Implementation
As required by California Water Code, the City summarized Water Conservation Programs implemented
to date, and compared them to those planned in its 2010 UWMP.
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8.3.2 Comparison of 2010 Planned Water Conservation Programs with 2015
Actual Programs
The City recognizes the importance of water conservation and has made water use efficiency an integral
part of water use planning. The City is not a California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC)
signatory; however, it is currently implementing all 14 DMMs described in the Act. DMMs as defined by
the Act correspond to the CUWCC's Best Management Practices (BMP). For the City's specific
achievements in the area of conservation, please see Section 4 of the UWMP.
8.3.3 Filing of 2015 UWMP
The City Council reviewed the Final Draft Plan on DATE, 2016. The five -member City Council approved
the 2015 UWMP on DATE, 2016. See Appendix F for the resolution approving the Plan.
By July 1, 2016, the City's Adopted 2015 UWMP was filed with DWR, California State Library, County of
Orange, and cities within its service area, if applicable.
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2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
REFERENCES
California Department of Water Resources, 2015. Urban Water Management Plans, Guidebook for Urban
Water Suppliers.
Department of Water Resources, 2015. State Water Project Final Delivery Capability Report 2015.
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 2016. Metropolitan Urban Water Management Plan
2015.
Municipal Water District of Orange County, 2015. Orange County Reliability Study.
Municipal Water District of Orange County, 2015. Water Shortage Allocation Model.
Orange County Water District, 2014. OCWD Engineer's Report.
Orange County Water District, 2015. OCWD Groundwater Management Plan 2015 Update.
Orange County Water District. (2015). Groundwater Replenishment Study [Brochure].
San Diego County Water Authority, 2003. Quantification Settlement Agreement.
Southern California Association of Governments, 2012. 5th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Assessment
Final Allocation Plan.
Tustin, California, Municipal Code Ordinance No. 1457, (2015).
Tustin, City of Tustin Water Quality Report (2014).
U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation, 2012. Colorado River Basin Study.
Urban Water Management Planning Act, California Water Code § 10610-10656 (2010).
Water Conservation Act of 2009, California Senate SB x7-7, 7th California Congress (2009).
Water Systems Optimization, 2016. California Department of Water Resources: Water Audit Manual.
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APPENDIX A
UMWP Checklist
APPENDIX B
Standardized Tables
APPENDIX C
Groundwater Management Plan
APPENDIX D
City Ordinance
APPENDIX E
Notification of Public and Service Area Suppliers
APPENDIX F
Adopted UWMP Resolution
APPENDIX G
Bump Methodology
APPENDIX H
AWWA Water Loss Audit Worksheet
APPENDIX I
Water Use Efficiency Implementation Report
PARCADIS benign sets Consultancy
for natural and
built assets
Arcadis U.S., Inc.
445 South Figueroa Street
Suite 3650
Los Angeles, California 90071
Tel 213 486 9884
Fax 213 486 9894
www.arcadis.com