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HomeMy WebLinkAbout07 2019 PUBLIC HEALTH GOALS REPORTSP• Agenda Item 7 AG E N DA R E P O RT Reviewed.- City eviewed.City Manager 19P Finance Director N/A MEETING DATE: JULY 16, 2019 TO: MATTHEW S. WEST, CITY MANAGER FROM: DOUGLAS S. STACK, DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS/CITY ENGINEER SUBJECT: 2019 PUBLIC HEALTH GOALS REPORT SUMMARY The California Health and Safety Code requires public water systems serving more than 10,000 service connections to prepare a Public Health Goal (PHG) report every three years and conduct a public hearing to provide information to consumers on levels of contaminants in the City's drinking water. For the 2016-2018 reporting period, the City's drinking water quality compiled with all California Division of Drinking Water (DDW), and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water standards. Although PHGs are recommended targets and not enforceable standards, the City's water system exceeded the PHGs for arsenic, bromate, coliform bacteria, lead, copper, gross alpha and beta particle activity, and uranium. It is important to note, all water samples that reported above the PHGs, also reported below the state and federal maximum contaminant levels (MCL), and the City's water system remains in full compliance with all state and federal water quality standards. RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that the City Council take the following actions: 1. Conduct a public hearing to accept and respond to public comments on the 2019 Public Health Goal Report. 2. At the conclusion of the public hearing, approve the 2019 Public Health Goal Report. FISCAL IMPACT Sufficient funds are available to in the Water Division Operating Budget to complete this report. CORRELATION TO THE STRATEGIC PLAN Adoption of the 2019 PHG Report for the City's water system contribute to the fulfillment of the City's Strategic Plan Goal D: Foster strong relationships within the community, specifically, Strategy 2, enhance collaborative efforts with agencies within and outside Tustin on issues of mutual interest and concern. DISCUSSION Provisions of the California Health and Safety Code, Section 116470(b), require public water systems serving more than 10,000 service connections to prepare a brief, written report (in plain language) containing information on the "detection" of any contaminants above the Public Health Goals (PHGs) published by the State Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). The report must also list the "detection" of any contaminants above the Maximum Contaminant Level Goals 2019 Public Health Goals Report July 16, 2019 Page 2 (MCLGs) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for all other contaminants until such a time that OEHHA has published PHG's for those contaminants. The PHGs and MCLGs are the levels of contaminant in drinking water that pose no significant risk if consumed over a lifetime. The process of establishing a PHG is a risk assessment based strictly on human health considerations. PHGs and MCLGs are recommended targets and are not enforceable standards. During the 2016-2018 reporting period, the City water system exceeded the PHGs for arsenic, bromate, coliform bacteria, lead, copper, gross alpha and beta particle activity, and uranium. All other water quality monitoring results are less than the state PHG or federal MCLG. The City's water system remains in compliance with all regulatory water quality standards. In light of the emerging water quality contaminants perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) & perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) commonly referred to as PFAS, the City's water supply currently meets all state and federal action levels for PFAS. Although there is not currently a PHG or MCL for PFAS, the DDW is considering lowering both the Action and Response Levels for PFAS, while working through a process to establish a PHG and MCL. In 2016, the City sampled five groundwater wells in partnership with a statewide effort to identify unknown contaminants in drinking water, at that time, each of the City's five wells sampled were non -detect for PFAS. The drinking water quality of the City of Tustin Water Services meet all DDW and USEPA drinking water standards set to protect public health. Consequently, no further action is required by the City and staff is requesting the City Council to approve the report upon conclusion of the public hearing. Do/g as S. Stack, P.E. Fre tor of Public Works/City Engineer Attachment(s): 1. 2019 Public Health Goals Report 2. Water Quality Reports 2016, 2017, 2018 SACity Council Items\2019 Council Item s\07-16-2019\2019 Public Health Goals Public Hearing\Agenda Report.docx ATTACHMENT 1 2019 Public Health Goals Report TUSTIN HOME OKI N G OUR. PAST CITY OF TUSTIN 2019 PUBLIC HEALTH GOALS REPORT JUNE 2019 861 Village CUaks DHve,Sulte 100 * Covina,Califomla X91724 Phone; (626) 967-E202 • Fax (626) 331.7065 • Website; wwwAtetsonengineemcom Northern California + Southern California Arizona • Colorado • Oregon STETSON ENGINEERS INC. 2019 Public Health Goals (PHGs) Report City of Tustin 1.0 Introduction Under the Calderon -Sher Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 public water systems in California serving greater than 10,000 service connections must prepare a report containing information on 1) detection of any contaminant in drinking water at a level exceeding a Public Health Goal (PHG), 2) estimate of costs to remove detected contaminants to below the PHG using Best Available Technology (BAT), and 3) health risks for each contaminant exceeding a PHG. This report must be made available to the public every three years. The initial report was due on July 1, 1998, and subsequent reports are due every three years thereafter. This 2019 report has been prepared to address the requirements set forth in Section 116470 of the California Health and Safety Code. It is based on water quality analyses during calendar years 2016, 2017, and 2018 or, if certain analyses were not performed during those years, the most recent data available was reported. The 2019 report has been designed to be as informative as possible, without unnecessary duplication of information contained in the Consumer Confidence Reports, which are mailed to customers by July 1St of each year. There are no regulations explaining requirements for the preparation of PHGs reports. A workgroup of the Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) Water Quality Committee has prepared suggested guidelines for water utilities to use in preparing PHGs reports. The ACWA guidelines were used in the preparation of this report. These guidelines include tables of cost estimates for BAT. The State of California (State) provides ACWA with numerical health risks and category of health risk information for contaminants with PHGs. This health risk information is appended to the ACWA guidelines. City of Tustin 1 2019 PHGs Report 2.0 California Drinking Water Regulatory Process California Health and Safety Code Section 116365 requires the State to develop a PHG for every contaminant with a primary drinking water standard or for any contaminant the State is proposing to regulate with a primary drinking water standard. A PHG is the level of a contaminant in drinking water that poses no significant health risk if consumed for a lifetime. The process of establishing a PHG is a risk assessment based strictly on human health considerations. PHGs are recommended targets and are not required to be met by any public water system. The State office designated to develop PHGs is the California Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). The PHG is then forwarded to the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (DDW) for use in revising or developing a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in drinking water. The MCL is the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. California MCLs cannot be less stringent than federal MCLs and must be as close as is technically and economically feasible to the PHGs. DDW is required to take treatment technologies and cost of compliance into account when setting an MCL. Each MCL is reviewed at least once every five years. Total chromium and two radiological contaminants (gross alpha particle and gross beta particle) have MCLs but do not yet have designated PHGs. For these contaminants, the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), the federal U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) equivalent of PHGs, is used in the 2019 PHGs Report. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has a PHG of 3 nanograms per liter, but is not regulated in drinking water with a primary drinking water standard. Bromodichloromethane, bromoform, and dichloroacetic acid are three disinfection byproducts that have federal MCI -Gs of 0 but are not individually regulated with primary drinking water standards. According to the ACWA guidance and instructions from City of Tustin 2 2019 PHGs Report DDW, these four chemicals do not have to be included in the 2019 PHGs Report because they do not have an existing MCL. 3.0 Identification of Contaminants Section 116470(b)(1) of the Health and Safety Code requires public water systems serving more than 10,000 service connections to identify each contaminant detected in drinking water that exceeded the applicable PHG. Section 116470(f) requires the MCLG to be used for comparison if there is no applicable PHG. The City of Tustin (City) water system has approximately 14,046 service connections. The following constituents were detected at one or more locations within the drinking water system at levels that exceeded the applicable PHGs or MCLGs: • Arsenic — naturally -occurring in the local groundwater • Bromate — formed when naturally -occurring bromide reacts with ozone during the disinfection process in surface water purchased from Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC) • Coliform Bacteria, Total — naturally -occurring in the environment but can also be an indicator of the presence of other pathogenic organisms originating from sewage, livestock or other wildlife. • Copper and Lead — corrosion of residential plumbing. Every three years as required by the USEPA Lead and Copper Rule, City tests representative taps for copper and lead. • Gross alpha particle activity (gross alpha) — naturally -occurring in the local groundwater and surface water purchased from MWDSC • Gross beta particle activity (gross beta) — naturally -occurring in the surface water purchased from MWDSC; not required to be tested in groundwater • Uranium — naturally -occurring in the local groundwater and surface water purchased from MWDSC. City of Tustin 3 2019 PHGs Report The accompanying chart shows the applicable PHG or MCLG and MCL or Action Level (AL) for each contaminant identified above. The chart includes the maximum, minimum, and average concentrations of each contaminant in drinking water supplied by the City in calendar years 2016 through 2018. Copper and lead are regulated by ALs, not MCLs, and are tested from samples collected at selected customers' indoor faucets or taps. The AL is the concentration of copper or lead, which if exceeded in more than 10 percent of the tap samples, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. The chart shows the 90th percentile concentration of copper and lead observed during the at -the -tap sampling. 4.0 Numerical Public Health Risks Section 116470(b)(2) of the Health and Safety Code requires disclosure of the numerical public health risk, determined by OEHHA, associated with the MCLs, ALs, PHGs and MCI -Gs. Available numerical health risks developed by OEHHA for the contaminants identified above are shown on the accompany chart. Only numerical risks associated with cancer-causing chemicals have been quantified by OEHHA. Arsenic — OEHHA has determined the theoretical health risk associated with the PHG is 1 excess case of cancer in a million people. USEPA has determined the risk associated with the MCL is 2.5 excess cases of cancer in 1,000 people exposed over a 70 -year lifetime. Bromate — OEHHA has determined the theoretical health risk associated with the PHG is 1 excess case of cancer in a million people. USEPA has determined the risk associated with the MCL is 1 excess case of cancer in 10,000 people exposed over a 70 -year lifetime. Coliform Bacteria, Total — OEHHA has not established a PHG. USEPA has established an MCLG of 0. City of Tustin 4 2019 PHGs Report Copper — OEHHA has not established a numerical, health risk for copper because PHGs for non -carcinogenic chemicals in drinking water are set at a concentration at which no known or anticipated adverse health risks will occur, with an adequate margin of safety. Gross Alpha — OEHHA has not established a PHG. USEPA has established an'MCLG of 0. USEPA has determined the risk associated with the MCL is 1 excess case of cancer in 1,000 people over a lifetime exposure. Gross Beta — OEHHA has not established a PHG. USEPA has established an MCLG of 0. USEPA has determined the risk associated with the MCL is 2 excess cases of cancer in 1,000 people over a lifetime exposure. Lead — OEHHA has determined that the theoretical health risk associated with the PHG is less than 1 excess case of cancer in a million people. USEPA has determined the risk associated with the AL is 2 excess cases of cancer in a million people exposed over a 70 -year lifetime. Uranium — OEHHA has determined that the theoretical health risk associated with the PHG is 1 excess case of cancer in a million people. USEPA has determined the risk associated with the MCL is 5 excess cases of cancer in 100,000 people exposed over a 70 -year lifetime. 5.0 Identification of Risk Categories Section 116470(b)(3) of the Health and Safety Code requires identification of the category of risk to public health associated with exposure to the contaminant in drinking water, including a brief, plainly worded description of those terms. The risk categories and definitions for the contaminants identified above are shown on the accompanying chart. City of Tustin 5 2019 PHGs Report 6.0 Description of Best Available Technology Section 116470(b)(4) of the Health and Safety Code requires a description of the best available technology, if any is available on a commercial basis, to remove or reduce the concentrations of the contaminants identified above. The SATs are shown on the accompanying chart. 7.0 Costs of Using Best Available Technologies and Intended Actions Section 116470(b)(5) of the Health and Safety Code requires an estimate of the aggregate cost and cost per customer of utilizing the BATs identified to reduce the concentration of a contaminant to a level at or below the PHG or MCLG. In addition, Section 116470(b)(6) requires a brief description of any actions the water purveyor intends to take to reduce the concentration of the contaminant and the basis for that decision. The City operates two existing treatment facilities (Main Street Treatment Plant and 17th Street Desalter) that treat nitrate and perchlorate in groundwater from five wells, using ion exchange and reverse osmosis. Arsenic — The BATs for removal of arsenic in water for large water systems are: activated alumina, coagulation/filtration, electrodialysis, ion exchange, lime softening, oxidation/filtration, and reverse osmosis. Arsenic was detected above the PHG in the local groundwater (three wells). The City is in compliance with the MCL for arsenic. The estimated cost to reduce arsenic levels in local groundwater to below the PHG of 0.004 microgram per liter (pg/1) using ion exchange was calculated. Because the DDW detection limit for purposes of reporting (DLR) for arsenic is 2 pg/I, treating arsenic to below the PHG level means treating arsenic to below the DLR of 2 pg/l. There are numerous factors that may influence the actual cost of reducing arsenic levels to the City of Tustin 6 2019 PHGs Report PHG. Achieving the water quality goal for arsenic could be approximately $1,882,000 per year, or $134 per household per year. Bromate — The BATs for removal of bromate in water for large water systems are: coagulation/filtration optimization, granular activated carbon, and reverse osmosis. Bromate was detected above the PHG in water supplied by MWDSC. The City is in compliance with the MCL for bromate. The estimated cost to reduce bromate levels in MWDSC water to below the PHG of 0.1 pg/I using reverse osmosis was calculated. Because the DDW DLR for bromate is 1 pg/I, treating bromate to below the PHG level means treating bromate to below the DLR of 1 pg/I. There are numerous factors that may influence the actual cost of reducing bromate levels to the PHG. Achieving the water quality goal for bromate could range from approximately $660,000 to $5,600,000 per year, or between $47 and $399 per household per year. Coliform Bacteria, Total — The BAT for removal of coliform bacteria in drinking water has been determined by USEPA to be disinfection. The City already disinfects all water served to the public. Chlorine or chloramines is used to disinfect the water because it is an effective disinfectant and residual concentrations can be maintained to guard against biological contamination in the water distribution system. Coliform bacteria are indicator organisms that are ubiquitous in nature. They are a useful tool because of the ease in monitoring and analysis. The City collects weekly samples for total coliforms at various locations in the distribution. If coliform bacteria are detected in the drinking water sample, it indicates a potential problem that needs to be investigated and followed up with additional sampling. It is not unusual for a system to have an occasional positive sample. Although USEPA set the MCLG for total coliforms at 0 percent positive, there is no commercially available technology that will guarantee 0 percent positive every single month; therefore, the cost of achieving the PHG cannot be estimated. City of Tustin 7 2019 PHGs Report The City will continue several programs that are in place to prevent contamination of the water supply with microorganisms. These include: • Disinfection using chlorine or chloramines and maintenance of a chlorine residual at every point in the distribution system • Monitoring throughout the distribution system to verify the absence of total coliforms and the presence of a protective chlorine residual • Flushing program in which water pipelines known to have little use are flushed to remove stagnant water and bring in fresh water with residual disinfectant • Cross -connection control program that prevents the accidental entry of non - disinfected water into the drinking water system. Copper and Lead — USEPA has determined the BAT to reduce copper and lead in drinking water to be corrosion control optimization. This method is capable of bringing a water system into compliance with the AL of copper at 1,300 pg/I and the AL of lead at 15 pg/I. The City is already in compliance with the copper and lead ALs, meets all state and federal requirements and is considered by DDW to have optimized corrosion control. Further corrosion control optimization would be incapable of achieving the PHGs; therefore, the cost of reducing copper and lead to their respective PHGs cannot be estimated. The principal reason for this is that the largest source of copper and lead in tap water is the pipe and fixtures in the customer's own household plumbing. Neither copper nor lead has been detected in the City's source waters. Factors that increase the amount of copper and lead in the water include: • Household faucets or fittings made of brass; • Copper plumbing materials; • Homes less than five years old or constructed before 1980; • Water supplied to the home is naturally soft or corrosive; or City of Tustin 8 2019 PHGs Report • Water often sits in the household plumbing for several hours. The City collected extensive copper and lead tap samples in 2018. The copper and lead levels in all of the most recent samples were below the AL. The City will continue to monitor the water quality parameters that relate to corrosivity, such as pH, hardness, alkalinity and total dissolved solids, and will take action if necessary to maintain the water system in an optimized corrosion control condition. Gross Alpha, Gross Beta, and Uranium — The only BAT for the removal of gross alpha in water for large water systems is reverse osmosis, which can also remove gross beta, and uranium, if detected. Gross alpha was detected above the MCLG in the local groundwater and surface water purchased from MWDSC. Gross beta was detected above the MCLG in the surface water purchased from MWDSC. Uranium was detected above the PHG in the local groundwater (seven of the City's groundwater wells - Edinger, Columbus Tustin, Main Street No. 4, Prospect, Tustin Avenue, Vandenberg, and Walnut) and surface water purchased from MWDSC. The cost of providing treatment using reverse osmosis to reduce gross alpha levels in local groundwater and in MWDSC surface water to the MCLG of 0 picoCurie per liter (pCi/1) (and consequently gross beta in the MWDSC surface water below the MCLG; and uranium in the local groundwater and MWDSC surface water below the PHG) was calculated. Because the DLR for gross alpha is 3 pCi/I, treating gross alpha to 0 pCi/I means treating it to below the DLR of 3 pCi/I. Achieving the water quality goal for gross alpha could range from $1,980,000 to $16,880,000 per year, or between $141 and $1,202 per household per year. All Contaminants — In addition, a cost estimate to treat all water produced or purchased by the City using reverse osmosis to remove all the contaminants detected above the PHGs or MCLGs was calculated (excluding the 17th Street Well 4 and Newport Well 3 water which is currently processed by the reverse osmosis system at the 17th Street Desalter). All the contaminants listed in the accompanying chart may be removed to non-detectable levels by reverse osmosis, except for total coliform, copper City of Tustin 9 2019 PHGs Report and lead. As shown on the accompanying chart, achieving the water quality goals for all contaminants, except for total coliform, copper and lead, using reverse osmosis could range from $1,980,000 to $16,880,000 per year, or between $141 and $1,202 per household per year. For additional information, please contact Mr. Michael Grisso at (714) 361-4719, or write to the City of Tustin Water Services, 300 Centennial Way, Tustin, California 90780. City of Tustin 10 2019 PHGs Report ATTACHMENT 2 Water Quality Reports 2016, 2017, 2018 NOR Cit I, of Irustin Gi ter Serv1 CQS Your 2016 Water Quality Report Since 1990, California public water utilities have been providing an annual Water District (OCWD), which manages the groundwater basin, and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC), which supplies imported treated surface water to the City, test for unregulated chemicals in our Water Quality Report to their customers. This year's report covers calendar year water supply. Unregulated chemical monitoring helps USEPA and DDW determine 2015 drinking water quality testing and reporting. where certain chemicals occur and whether new standards need to be established The City of Tustin Water Services Division (City) vigilantly safeguards its water supply and, as in years past, the water delivered to your home meets the quality standards required by federal and state regulatory agencies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (DDW) are the agencies responsible for establishing and enforcing drinking water quality standards. In some cases, the City goes beyond what is required by testing for unregulated chemicals that may have known health risks but do not have drinking water standards. For example, the Orange County for those chemicals. Through drinking water quality testing programs carried out by OCWD for groundwater, MWDSC for treated surface water and the City for the distribution system, your drinking water is constantly monitored from source to tap for regulated and unregulated constituents. The State allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of our data, though representative, are more than one year old. The Quality of Your Water is Our Primary Concern Sources of Supply Orange County's water supplies are a blend of groundwater provided by OCWD and water imported from Northern California and the Colorado River by the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) via MWDSC. Groundwater comes from a natural underground aquifer that is replenished with water from the Santa Ana River, local rainfall and imported water. The groundwater basin is 350 square miles and lies beneath north and central Orange County from Irvine to the Los Angeles County border and from Yorba Linda to the Pacific Ocean. More than 20 cities and retail water districts draw from the basin to provide water to homes and businesses. Orange County's Water Future For years, Orange County has enjoyed an abundant, seemingly endless supply of high-quality water. However, as water demand continues to increase statewide, we must be even more conscientious about our water supply and maximize the efficient use of this precious natural resource. OCWD and MWDOC work cooperatively to evaluate new and innovative water management and supply development programs, including water reuse and recycling, wetlands expansion, recharge facility construction, ocean and brackish water desalination, surface storage and water use efficiency programs. These efforts are helping to enhance long-term countywide water reliability and water quality. A healthy water future for Orange County rests on finding and developing new water supplies, as well as protecting and improving the quality of the water that we have today. Your local and regional water agencies are committed to making the necessary investments today in new water management projects to ensure an abundant and high-quality water supply for our future. Basic Information About Drinking Water Contaminants The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs and wells. As water travels over the surface of land or through the layers of the ground it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animal and human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: • Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations and wildlife. • Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production or mining activities. • Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from urban storm runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining and farming. • Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff and residential uses. • Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gasoline stations, urban stormwater runoff, agricultural application and septic systems. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA and the DDW prescribe regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. DDW regulations also establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791. Immuno -Compromised People Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno- compromised people, such as those with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have had organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly persons and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. The USEPA and the federal Centers for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from USEPA's Safe Drinking Water hotline at (800) 426-4791 between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Eastern Time (7 a.m. to 1 p.m. in California). Conservation Tips for Inside Your Home Install aerators on the kitchen faucet Reduces flow to less than 1 gallon per minute Cook food in as little water as possible Saves water and helps retain food nutrients Keep a pitcher of drinking water in the refrigerator Saves gallons of water and it's always cold Wash only full loads of laundry and dishes Saves up to SO gallons per week Soak pots and pans instead of letting water run while you scrub them clean Saves water and makes the job easier Buy water -saving devices like high -efficiency toilets and clothes washers. You'll save many gallons of water per day, and many of them are eligible for rebates. To learn more, visit: www.ocwatersmart.com. Questions about your water? Contact us for answers. For information about this report, or your water quality in general, please contact Joe Lozano at (714) 573-3178. The Tustin City Council meets the first and third Tuesdays of every month at 7:00 pm in the City Council Chambers, 300 Centennial Way, Tustin, California. Please feel free to participate in these meetings. For more information about the health effects of the listed contaminants in the following tables, call the USEPA hotline at (800) 426-4791. Important Information the EPA Would Like You to Know Issues in Water Quality that Could Affect Your Health About Lead in Tap Water If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The City is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791, or on the web at www.epa.gov/safewater/lead. What are Water Quality Standards? Drinking water standards established by USEPA and DDW set limits for substances that may affect consumer health or aesthetic qualities of drinking water. The chart in this report shows the following types of water quality standards: • Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible. • Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. • Secondary MCLS: Set to protect the odor, taste, and appearance of drinking water. • Primary Drinking Water Standard: MCLS for contaminants that affect health along with their monitoring and reporting requirements and water treatment requirements. • Regulatory Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant, which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. How are Contaminants Measured? Water is sampled and tested throughout the year. Contaminants are measured in: • parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L) • parts per billion (ppb) or micrograms per liter (ug/L) • parts per trillion (ppt) or nanograms per liter (ri What is a Water Quality Goal? In addition to mandatory water quality standards, USEPA and DDW have set voluntary water quality goals for some contami- nants. Water quality goals are often set at such low levels that they are not achievable in practice and are not directly measurable. Nevertheless, these goals provide useful guideposts and direction for water management practices. The chart in this report includes three types of water quality goals: • Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by USEPA. • Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. • Public Health Goal (PHG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Fluoridation Fluoride has been added to U.S. drinking water supplies since 1945. Of the 50 largest cities in the U.S., 43 fluoridate their drinking water. In December 2007, MWDSC joined a majority of the nation's public water suppliers in adding fluoride to drinking water in order to prevent tooth decay. In line with recommendations from the DDW, as well as the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MWDSC adjusted the natural fluoride level in imported treated water from the Colorado River and State Water Project to the optimal range for dental health of 0.6 to 1.2 parts per million. Our local water is not supplemented with fluoride. Fluoride levels in drinking water are limited under California state regulations at a maximum dosage of 2 parts per million. Additional information about the fluoridation of drinking water is available on these websites: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1(800)232-4636 • www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/ State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking-water/ certlic/drinkingwater/Fluoridation.shtml For more information about MWDSC's fluoridation program, please call Edgar G. Dymally at (213) 217-5709 or email him at edymally@mwdh2o.com. Alpha Radiation (pU/L) 15 (U) NU ND ND -4 No Lrosion of Natural Deposits Beta Radiation (pCi/L) 50 (0) NR 5 4-6 No Decay of Man-made or Natural Deposits Uranium (pCi/L) 20 0.43 1 3 ND -3 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Inorganic Chemicals -Tested in 2015 Aluminum (ppm) 1 0.6 ND 0.155 ND - 0.24 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Deposits Arsenic (ppb) 10 0.004 ND 2.3 ND - 2.3 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Barium (ppm) 1 2 <0.1 0.125 ND - 0.125 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Fluoride (ppm) treatment-related* Control Range 0.6-1.2 ppm NR 0.8 0.6-1 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Optimal Level 0.7 ppm Not Regulated nla 2.4 4.9 1.8-5 Fluoride (ppm) 2 1 0.18 NR 0.15-0.28 No Erosion of Natural Deposits 10 10 4.22 ND ND -7.95 No 3uleIIIWII tppuj Ju 3u G3 IVU IVU- Iu.I IVU Iledullelll rl ULM RtNUW, Ivdtuldl VePA10 Secondary Standards* - Tested in 2015 Aluminum (ppb) 200* 600 ND 155 ND -240 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Deposits Chloride (ppm) 500* nla 145 100 58.8-349 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Unregulated Chemicals -Tested in 2013, 2014, and 2015 1,4-Dioxane(ppb) NL=1 nla 0.1 ND ND -0.2 nla Industrial Waste Discharge Industrial Processes Magnesium (ppm) Not Regulated nla 30.9 27 5.7-74.7 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits Molybdenum, Total (ppb) Not Regulated nla 10 4.7 4.4-20 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits pH (pH units) Not Regulated nla 7.8 8.1 7.4-8.1 nla Acidity, Hydrogen Ions Potassium (ppm) Not Regulated nla 2.4 4.9 1.8-5 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits Sodium (ppm) Not Regulated nla 84.3 101 51-167 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits Strontium, Total (ppb) Not Regulated nla 640 930 420-1,100 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits Total Organic Carbon (ppm) TT nla 0.36 2.6 ND - 2.7 nla Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Vanadium, Total (ppb) NL = 50 nla 4.4 2.8 1.5-7.7 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits ppb = parts -per -billion; ppm = parts -per -million; pCiIL = picoCuries per liter; NTU = nephelometric turbidity units; pmho/cm = micromhos per centimeter; NR = Not Required to be analyzed; ND = not detected; <= average is less than the detection limit for reporting purposes; MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level; (MCLG) = federal MCL Goal; PHG = California Public Health Goal; NL = Notification Level; n/a = not applicable; TT = treatment technique *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard **Hexavalent chromium is regulated with an MCL of 10 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 1 ppb. Hexavalent chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. ***Total chromium is regulated with an MCL of 50 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 10 ppb. Total chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. 1) Highest single turbidity measurement 0.3 NTU 0.4 No Soil run-off 2) Percentage of samples less than 0.3 NTU 95% 100% No Soil run-off Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water, an indication of particulate matter, some of which might include harmful microorganisms. Low turbidity in Metropolitan's treated water is a good indicator of effective filtration. Filtration is called a "treatment technique" (TT). A treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce the level of contaminants in drinking water that are difficult and sometimes impossible to measure directly Nitrate Advisory At times, nitrate in your tap water may have exceed- ed one-half the MCL, but it was never greater than the MCL of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Nitrate in your drinking water in 2015 ranged from non -detect to 7.95 mg/L. The following advisory is issued because in 2015 we recorded nitrate measurements in the drinking water supply which exceeded one-half the nitrate MCL. Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of the infant's blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant, or you are pregnant, you should ask advice from your health care provider. Entrained Air If your tap water has a slightly "milky" appearance, you're probably experiencing an interesting but harmless phenomenon known as "entrained air." The milky color in the water caused by tiny air bubbles is harmless and is related to the operation of City wells. The air is dissolved under pressure in the groundwater, much like carbon dioxide in a bottle of soda. If your tap water is milky -colored and you want to confirm you are experiencing entrained air, rinse out a clear glass twice and then fill it with cold tap water. After a few moments, the water should begin to clear from the bottom of the glass to the top as the bubbles rise to the surface. If the water does not clear, please contact us. Useful Water Conservation Tips for Outside Your Home Check your sprinkler system and correct for overspray Saves 72 -IS gallons each time you water Choose drip irrigation for your trees and shrubs Saves up to 1S gallons each time you water Use a broom instead of a hose It takes very little time to sweep and the water savings add up Plant drought -resistant trees and plants Saves about 30-60 gallons per 1,000 sq. f t. each time you water Water plants in the early morning Reduces evaporation and ensures deeper watering Water plants in the early morning Reduces evaporation and ensures deeper watering Source Water Assessments Imported (MWDSC) Water Assessment Use organic mulch around trees and plants to reduce evaporation, improve soil & prevent weeds Saves about 20-30 gallons per 1,000 sq. f t. each time you water Additional water saving steps and devices are also available, and some of these are eligible for substantial rebates. Also, water your garden deeply to promote healthier, stronger plants. Regular pruning will help your plants use water more efficiently. You won't need to water as often, either. For complete rebate information for these water saving resources, visit: www.ocwatersmart.com. Want Additional Information? There's a wealth of information on the internet about Drinking Water Quality and water issues in general. A good place to begin your own research is the City of Tustin website: wwwTustinCA.org. In addition to extensive information about your local water and the support and services we offer, you'll find links for many other local, statewide, and national resources. Every five years, MWDSC is required by DDW to examine possible sources of drinking water contamination in its State Water Project and Colorado River source waters. In 2012, MWDSC submitted to DDW its updated Watershed Sanitary Surveys for the Colorado River and State Water Project, which include suggestions for how to better protect these source waters. Both source waters are exposed to stormwater runoff, recreational activities, wastewater discharges, wildlife, fires, and other watershed -related factors that could affect water quality. Water from the Colorado River is considered to be most vulnerable to contamination from recreation, urban/stormwater runoff, increasing urbanization in the watershed, and wastewater. Water supplies from Northern California's State Water Project are most vulnerable to contamination from urban/stormwater runoff, wildlife, agriculture, recreation, and wastewater. USEPA also requires MWDSC to complete one Source ND -44.4 No Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection Water Assessment (SWA) that utilize ss ND -15.5 No Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection information collected in the watershed sanitary Chlorine Residual (ppm) (4/4) 1.0 ND -2.2 No Disinfectant Added for Treatment surveys. MWDSC completed its SWA in December Aesthetic Quality 2002. The SWA is used to evaluate the vulnerability of Turbidity(NTU) 5* <0.1 ND -0.38 No Erosion of Natural Deposits water sources to contamination and helps determine Eight locations in the distribution system are tested quarterly for total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids; twenty locations are tested monthly for color odor and turbidity. whether more protective measures are needed. Color and odor were not detected in 2015. MRDL = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level; MRDLG = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard to maintain aesthetic qualities (taste, odor, color). A copy of the most recent summary of either Water - Highest Monthly MCL Typical Source l shed Sanitary Survey or the SWA can be obtained by Bacterial Quality calling MWDSC at (800) CALL -MWD (225-5693). Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) 80 36 Total Coliform Bacteria 5.0% 0 2.8% No Naturally present in the environment No more than 5% of the monthly samples may be positive for total coliform bacteria. The occurrence of 2 consecutive total coliform positive samples, one of which contains fecal coliformlEcoli, constitutes an acute MCL violation. Lead (ppb) 15 0.2 5 3/44 No Corrosion of Household Plumbing Copper (ppm) 1.3 0.3 0.35 0/44 No Corrosion of Household Plumbing During 2015, 44 residences were tested for lead and copper at -the -tap. Lead was detected in five samples; three exceeded the regulatory action level. Copper was detected in 41 homes; none exceeded the regulatory action level. A regulatory action level is the concentration of a contaminant which triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. Chlorate hmb) 800 n/a 49 37-57 2013 Molybdenum, Total (ppb) n/a n/a 4.9 4.6-5.4 2013 Strontium, Total (ppb) n/a n/a 970 920-1,100 2013 Vanadium, Total (ppb) 50 n/a 2.9 2.4-3.1 2013 *Hexavalent chromium is regulated with an MCL of 10 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 1 ppb Hexavalent chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. Groundwater Assessment An assessment of the drinking water sources for the City was completed in December 2002. The ground- water sources are considered most vulnerable to the following activities not associated with detected contaminants: confirmed leaking underground storage tanks, dry cleaners, and gas stations. The groundwater sources are considered most vulnerable to the following activities associated with contaminants detected in the water supply: known contaminant plumes, historic agricultural activities and application of fertilizers, and sewer collection systems. A copy of the complete assessment is available at State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water, 605 W. Santa Ana Blvd., Building 28, Room 325, Santa Ana, California 92701. You may request a summary of the assessment by contacting the City of Tustin Water Services at (714) 573-3178. We All Need to Be Water Wise All Year Long One Average Rainy Season Does Not Overcome the Effects of Four Dry Years Inter storms this year boosted California's largest reservoirs to their historically average levels, but other key reservoirs remain critically low as our historic drought keeps its grip on the state. One average season does not overcome the effects of four dry years, and rain and snowfall were well below average in Southern California.To learn more about the drought, or to find useful tips for how to conserve water, click the logos to visit: bewaterwise.com® Save AUT or wATEgM V-" To learn about programs and devices that can help save water, along with information on rebates for these water saving resources, visit: www.00WaterSmart.com To view a short YouTube video on multiple ways to conserve water, click here. The Colorado Aqueduct + Imported water from the Colorado River travels over 240 miles to get to Orange County. Along the way, it R(Not is lifted over 1,600 feet by a series of five pumping plants. Shown here, the Gene Pumping Station near the Colorado River boosts the water over 300 feet. From there, it flows through a series of canals, pipes, tunnels, and siphons, across the Mojave Desert and beneath the San Jacinto Mountains, on its way to - meet the needs of the people of Southern California. To view a shortYouTube video on the construction and history of the Colorado Aqueduct, click here. / The California State Water Project State Water Project, one of the largest water systems in the world, collects water from rivers in Northern California and transports it, through a _ network of canals, pipelines, and tunnels, over many hundreds of miles to Southern California, where it is distributed throughout the region. Along lid the way, it is lifted almost 3,800 feet, with the highest single lift of 1,926 feet over the Tehachapi Mountains, which separate the San Joaquin Valley r from Southern California. To view a shortYouTube = rg video that shows the length and complexity of the State Water Project, click here. Conservation Tips for Inside Your Home ... Install aerators on the kitchen faucet Reduces flow to less than 1 gallon per minute Soak pots and pans instead of letting water run while you scrub them clean Saves water and makes the job easier Collect water used to wash fruits and vegetables Use it to water your houseplants Cook food in as little water as possible Saves water and helps retain food nutrients Keep a pitcher of drinking water in the refrigerator Saves gallons of water and it's always cold Wash only full loads of laundry and dishes Saves up to 50 gallons per week Plug the sink instead of running water to rinse your razor Saves up to 300 gallons a month Don't run water to thaw food: Defrost in the refrigerator We Use the Most Water in Our Homes on the Outside Save the Most Where You Use the Most: Make Your Outdoor Use Efficient! 0 utdoor watering of lawns and gardens makes up approximately 60% of home water use. By reducing your outdoor water use — by either cutting back on irrigation or planting more drought tolerant landscaping — you can dramatically reduce your overall water use. For rebates on water saving devices, visit: www.00WaterSmart.com How Residential Water is Used in Orange County Tips for Conserving Water Outside Your Home... Use a broom instead of a hose It takes very little time to sweep and the water savings add up Water plants in the early morning Reduces evaporation and ensures deeper watering Plant drought -resistant trees and plants Saves about 30-60 gallons per 1,000 sq. ft. each time you water Remove the turf from your yard: Saves about 42 gallons per square foot/per year Check your sprinkler system for leaks, overspray and broken sprinkler heads and repair promptly: Saves 12-15 gallons each time you water Use organic mulch around trees and plants to reduce evaporation and improve the soil Saves about 20-30 gallons per 1,000 sq. ft. each time you water Additional water saving steps and devices are also available, and some are eligible for substantial rebates. You should consider a cover for your swimming pool or hot tub to reduce evaporation. And water your garden deeply to promote healthier, stronger plants. Regular pruning will help your plants use water more efficiently. You won't need to water as often, either. For complete rebate information for these water saving resources, visit: www.ocwatersmart.com. Talk to your family and friends about saving water. If everyone does a little, we all benefit a lot. 0 Showers & Baths: 8% 0 Clothes Washers: 9% 0 Toilets: 11 % 0 Dishwashers: 1% 0 Leaks: 7% 0 Faucets: 6% Data is representative of average consumption; your water usage may vary. TUSTIN BUILDING OUR FUTURE HONORING OUR PAST City of Tustin Water Services 300 Centennial Way Tustin, California 92780 This report contains important information about your drinking water. Translate it, or speak with someone who understands it. Arabic of -�R�di IL MOPP ��T0-FL T�lo1 -��!1 �I LFo� o�J' L1-1 Tz LILF O �L-Lf O MdI ICf• 017 :S dA 01 oi711_� Ojjj)�IL 4[ 0-0 ,��I�. Korean i�x9nTRL ;� 79A , iAtI] -T1 �f J±- E M\ 71 Q"Q 0',T. AI/'L,�j-,\ TI)A-M—T, 1���TLx���1 Q��A qTT—To Chinese Este informe contiene informucion muy importunte sobre su uyuu Notuble. Puru mus informucion o truduccion, fuvor de contuctur u Customer Service Representutive. Telefono; (714) 573-3382. Spanish Japanese Ban bao cao co ghi nhdng chi tiet quan trong ve pham chat nLfdc trong cong dong quy vi. Hay nhd ngudi thong Bich, hoac hoi mot ngub ban biet ro ve An de nay. Vietnamese 44� Your 2017 Since 1990, California public water utilities have been providing an annual Water Quality Report to their customers. This year's report covers calendar year 2016 drinking water quality testing Water and reporting. Qality The City of Tustin Water Services Division (City) vigilantly safeguards its water supply and, as in years past, the water delivered to your home meets the quality standards required by federal Report and state regulatory agencies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (DDW) are the agencies responsible for establishing and enforcing drinking water quality standards. In some cases, the City goes beyond what is required by testing for unregulated chemicals that may have known health risks but do not have drinking water standards. For example, the Orange County Water District (OCWD), which manages the groundwater basin, and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC), which supplies imported treated surface water to the City, test for unregulated chemicals in our water supply. Unregulated chemical monitoring helps USEPA and DDW determine where certain chemicals occur and whether new standards need to be established for those chemicals. Through drinking water quality testing programs carried out by OCWD for groundwater, MWDSC for treated surface water and the City for the distribution system, your drinking water is constantly monitored from source to tap for regulated and unregulated constituents. The State allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of our data, though representative, are more than one year old. The Quality of Your Water Is Our Primary Concern Sources of Supply Orange County's water supply is a blend of groundwater provided by OCWD and water imported from Northern California and the Colorado River by the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) via MWDSC. Groundwater comes from a natural underground aquifer that is replenished with water from the Santa Ana River, local rainfall and imported water. The groundwater basin is 350 square miles and lies beneath north and central Orange County from Irvine to the Los Angeles County border and from Yorba Linda to the Pacific Ocean. More than 20 cities and retail water districts draw from the basin to provide water to homes and businesses. Orange County's Water Future For years, Orange County has enjoyed an abundant, seemingly endless supply of high-quality water. However, as water demand continues to increase statewide, we must be even more conscientious about our water supply and maximize the efficient use of this precious natural resource. OCWD and MWDOC work cooperatively to evaluate new and innovative water management and supply development programs, including water reuse and recycling, wetlands expansion, recharge facility construction, ocean and brackish water desalination, surface storage and water use efficiency programs. These efforts are helping to enhance long-term countywide water reliability and water quality. A healthy water future for Orange County rests on finding and developing new water supplies, as well as protecting and improving the quality of the water that we have today. Your local and regional water agencies are committed to making the necessary investments today in new water management projects to ensure an abundant and high-quality water supply for our future. Basic Information About Drinking Water Contaminants The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs and wells. As water travels over the surface of land or through the layers of the ground it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animal and human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: • Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations and wildlife. • Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production or mining activities. • Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from urban storm runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining and farming. • Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff and residential uses. • Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gasoline stations, urban stormwater runoff, agricultural application and septic systems. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA and the DDW prescribe regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations and California law also establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791. Immuno -Compromised People Some people may be more vulnerable to contami- nants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno -compromised people, such as those with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have had organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly persons and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. The USEPA and the federal Centers for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from USEPA's Safe Drinking Water hotline at (800) 426-4791 between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Eastern Time (7 a.m. to 1 p.m. in California). Questions about your water? Contact us for answers. For information about this report, or your water quality in general, please contact Joe Lozano at (714) 573-3178. The Tustin City Council meets the first and third Tuesdays of every month at 7:00 pm in the City Council Chambers, 300 Centennial Way, Tustin, California. Please feel free to participate in these meetings. For more information about the health effects of the listed contaminants in the following tables, call the USEPA hotline at (800) 426-4791. -•0— Federal and State Water Quality Regulations - Water Quality Issues that Could Affect Your Health - About Lead in Tap Water If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The City is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, Y ou may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791, or on Drinking Water Fluoridation Fluoride has been added to U.S. drinking water supplies since 1945. Of the 50 largest cities in the U.S., 43 fluori- date their drinking water. In December 2007, MWDSC joined a majority of the nation's public water suppliers in adding fluoride to drinking water in order to prevent tooth decay. In line with recommendations from the DDW, as well as the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MWDSC adjusted the natural fluoride level in imported treated water from the Colorado River and State Water Project to the optimal range for dental health of 0.6 to 1.2 parts per million. Our local water is not supplemented with fluoride. Fluoride levels in drinking water are limited under California state regulations at a maximum dosage of 2 parts per million. Additional information about the fluoridation of drinking water is available on these websites: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1(800)232-4636 • www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/ Radiologicals- Tested in 2014 and 2016 Alpha Radiation (pCi/L) 15 (0) ND ND ND -4 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Beta Radiation (pCi/L) 50 (0) NR 5 4-6 No Decay of Man-made or Natural Deposits Uranium (pCi/L) 20 0.43 0.9 3 ND -3 No Erosion of Natural Deposits the web at www.epa.gov/safewater/lead. Inorganic chemicals -Tested in 2016 Aluminum (nom) 1 0.6 ND �T What are Water Quality Standards? Drinking water standards established by USEPA and DDW set limits for substances that may affect consumer health or aesthetic qualities of drinking water. The chart in this report shows the following types of water quality standards: • Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLS are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible. • Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. • Secondary MCLS: Set to protect the odor, taste, and appearance of drinking water. • Primary Drinking Water Standard: MCLs for contaminants that affect health along with their monitoring and reporting requirements and water treatment requirements. • Regulatory Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant, which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. How are Contaminants Measured? Water is sampled and tested throughout the year. Contaminants are measured in: • parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L) • parts per billion (ppb) or micrograms per liter (pg/L) • parts per trillion (plot) or nanograms per liter (ng/L) What is a Water Quality Goal? In addition to mandatory water quality standards, USEPA and DDW have set voluntary water quality goals for some contami- nants. Water quality goals are often set at such low levels that they are not achievable in practice and are not directly measurable. Nevertheless, these goals provide useful guideposts and direction for water management practices. The chart in this report includes three types of water quality goals: • Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by USEPA. • Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. • Public Health Goal (PHG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Fluoride (ppm) treatment-related* Control Range 0.6 -1.2 ppm NR Optimal Level 0.7 ppm Fluoride (ppm) 2 1 0.18 Nitrate (ppm as N) 10 10 4 Nitrate+Nitrite (ppm as N) 10 10 4 0.168 ND - 0.24 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural 0.138 ND - 0.138 No Erosion of Natural Deposits 0.7 0.6-0.9 No Erosion of Natural Deposits NR 0.15-0.28 No Erosion of Natural Deposits ND ND -7.2 No Fertilizers, Septic Tanks ND ND -7.2 No Fertilizers, Septic Tanks ND ND -10.1 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Secondary Standards* - Tested in 2016 NL=1 n/a 0.1 ND ND -0.2 n/a Industrial Waste Discharge Aluminum (ppb) 200* 600 ND 168 ND - 240 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Deposits Chloride (ppm) 500* n/a 143 103 26.3-349 Erosion of Natural Deposits No Erosion of Natural Deposits Color (color units) 15* n/a ND 1 ND -1 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Odor (threshold odor number) 3* n/a ND 3 ND -3 No Naturally -occurring Organic Materials Specific Conductance (pmholcm) 1,600* n/a 1,170 1,040 508-2,220 Not Regulated No Substances that Form Ions in Water Sulfate (ppm) 500* n/a 166 260 61.1 -323 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) 1,000* n/a 731 654 320-1,490 85 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Turbidity (NTU) 5* n/a 0.11 ND ND -0.4 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Unregulated Chemicals -Tested in 2013, 2014, and 2016 Erosion of Natural Deposits Total Organic Carbon (ppm) TT n/a 0.28 1,4 -Dioxane (ppb) NL=1 n/a 0.1 ND ND -0.2 n/a Industrial Waste Discharge Alkalinity, total (ppm as CaCO3) Not Regulated n/a 205 120 115-323 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Boron (ppm) NL=1 n/a 0.11 0.15 ND - 0.27 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits Calcium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 114 76 38.6-227 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Chlorate (ppb) NL=800 n/a 59 53 ND -130 n/a Byproduct of Drinkinq Water Chlorination; ppb = parts -per -billion; ppm = parts -per -million; pCi/L = picoCuries per liter; NTU = nephelometric turbidity units; pmho/cm = micromhos per centimeter; NR = Not Required to be analyzed; ND = not detected; <= average is less than the detection limit for reporting purposes; MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level; (MCLG) = federal MCL Goal; PHG = California Public Health Goal; NL = Notification Level; n/a = not applicable; TT = treatment technique *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard **Hexavalent chromium is regulated with an MCL of 10 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 1 ppb. Hexavalent chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. ***Total chromium is regulated with an MCL of 50 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 10 ppb. Total chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. 1) Highest single turbidity measurement 0.3 NTU 0.07 No Soil run-off 2) Percentage of samples less than 0.3 NTU 95% 100% No Soil run-off Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water, an indication of particulate matter, some of which might include harmful microorganisms. Low turbidity in Metropolitan's treated water is a good indicator of effective filtration. Filtration is called a "treatment technique" (TT). A treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce the level of contaminants in drinking water that are difficult and sometimes impossible to measure directly Industrial Processes Chromium, Hexavalent (ppb)** 10 0.02 0.23 0.07 ND- 0.4 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits; Industrial Discharge Chromium, Total (ppb)** * 50 (100) <0.2 <0.2 ND -0.5 nla Erosion of Natural Deposits; Industrial Discharge Hardness, total (ppm as CaCO3) Not Regulated n/a 410 296 120-873 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Magnesium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 30.7 27 5.7-74.7 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Molybdenum, Total (ppb) Not Regulated n/a 10 4.7 4.4-20 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits pH (pH units) Not Regulated n/a 7.7 8.1 7.4-8.1 n/a Acidity, Hydrogen Ions Potassium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 2.5 5.1 1.8-5.1 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Sodium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 85 103 56.5-167 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Strontium, Total (ppb) Not Regulated n/a 640 930 420-1,100 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Total Organic Carbon (ppm) TT n/a 0.28 2.5 ND - 2.6 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Vanadium, Total (ppb) NL=50 n/a 4.4 2.8 1.5-7.7 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits ppb = parts -per -billion; ppm = parts -per -million; pCi/L = picoCuries per liter; NTU = nephelometric turbidity units; pmho/cm = micromhos per centimeter; NR = Not Required to be analyzed; ND = not detected; <= average is less than the detection limit for reporting purposes; MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level; (MCLG) = federal MCL Goal; PHG = California Public Health Goal; NL = Notification Level; n/a = not applicable; TT = treatment technique *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard **Hexavalent chromium is regulated with an MCL of 10 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 1 ppb. Hexavalent chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. ***Total chromium is regulated with an MCL of 50 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 10 ppb. Total chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. 1) Highest single turbidity measurement 0.3 NTU 0.07 No Soil run-off 2) Percentage of samples less than 0.3 NTU 95% 100% No Soil run-off Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water, an indication of particulate matter, some of which might include harmful microorganisms. Low turbidity in Metropolitan's treated water is a good indicator of effective filtration. Filtration is called a "treatment technique" (TT). A treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce the level of contaminants in drinking water that are difficult and sometimes impossible to measure directly State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking—water/ certl ic/d ri nkingwater/Fl uoridation.shtmI For more information about MWDSC's fluoridation program, please call Edgar G. Dymally at (213) 217-5709 or email him at edymally@mwdh2o.com. Nitrate Advisory At times, nitrate in your tap water may have exceed- ed one-half the MCL, but it was never greater than the MCL of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/Q. Nitrate in your drinking water in 2016 ranged from non -detect to 7.2 mg/L. The following advisory is issued because in 2016 we recorded nitrate measurements in the drinking water supply which exceeded one-half the nitrate MCL. Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of the infant's blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant, or you are pregnant, you should ask advice from your health care provider. Entrained Air If your tap water has a slightly "milky" appearance, you're probably experiencing an interesting but harmless phenomenon known as "entrained air." The milky color in the water caused by tiny air bubbles is harmless and is related to the operation of City wells. The air is dissolved under pressure in the groundwater, much like carbon dioxide in a bottle of soda. If your tap water is milky -colored and you want to confirm you are experiencing entrained air, rinse out a clear glass twice and then fill it with cold tap water. After a few moments, the water should begin to clear from the bottom of the glass to the top as the bubbles rise to the surface. If the water does not clear, please contact us. Source Water Assessments Imported (MWDSC) Water Assessment Every five years, MWDSC is required by DDW to examine possible sources of drinking water contamination in its State Water Project and Colorado River source waters. The most recent watershed sanitary surveys for MWDSC's source waters are the Colorado River Watershed Sanitary Survey - 2015 Update, and the State Water Project Watershed Sanitary Survey - 2011 Update. Water from the Colorado River is considered to be most vulnerable to contamination from recreation, urban/stormwater runoff, increasing urbanization in the watershed, and wastewater. Water supplies from Northern California's State Water Project are most vulnerable to contamination from urban/stormwater runoff, wildlife, agriculture, recreation, and wastewater. USEPA also requires MWDSC to complete one Source Water Assessment (SWA) that utilizes information collected in the watershed sanitary surveys. MWDSC completed its SWA in December 2002. The SWA is used to evaluate the vulnerability of water sources to contamination and helps determine whether more protective measures are needed. A copy of the most recent summary of either Water- shed Sanitary Survey or the SWA can be obtained by calling MWDSC at (800) CALL -MWD (225-5693). Groundwater Assessment An assessment of the drinking water sources for the City was completed in December 2002. The ground- water sources are considered most vulnerable to the following activities not associated with detected contaminants: confirmed leaking underground storage tanks, dry cleaners, and gas stations. The groundwater sources are considered most vulnerable to the following activities associated with contaminants detected in the water supply: known contaminant plumes, historic agricultural activities and application of fertilizers, and sewer collection systems. A copy of the complete assessment is available at State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water, 605 W. Santa Ana Blvd., Building 28, Room 325, Santa Ana, California 92701. You may request a summary of the assessment by contacting the City of Tustin Water Services at (714)573-3178. Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) 80 32 ND— 24.3 No Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection Haloacetic Acids (ppb) 60 8 ND — 5.9 No Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection Chlorine Residual (ppm) (4/4) 0.9 ND —1.1 No Disinfectant Added for Treatment Aesthetic Quality Turbidity (NTU) 5* 0.11 ND — 3.3 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Eight locations in the distribution system are tested quarterly for total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids; twenty locations are tested monthly for color, odor and turbidity. Color and odor were not detected in 2016. MRDL = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level; MRDLG = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard to maintain aesthetic qualities (taste, odor, color). Total Coliform Bacteria 5.0% 0 1% No Naturally present in the environment No more than 5% of the monthly samples may be positive for total coliform bacteria. The occurrence of 2 consecutive total coliform positive samples, one of which contains fecal coliform/E. coli, constitutes an acute MCL violation. Lead (ppb) 15 0.2 5 3/44 No Corrosion of Household Plumbing Copper (ppm) 1.3 0.3 0.35 0/44 No Corrosion of Household Plumbing During 2015, 44 residences were tested for lead and copper at -the -tap. Lead was detected in five samples; three exceeded the regulatory action level. Copper was detected in 41 homes; none exceeded the regulatory action level. A regulatory action level is the concentration of a contaminant which triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. Chlorate(ppb) 800 n/a 49 37-57 2013 Chromium, Hexavalent(ppb)** MCL =10 0.02 0.085 ND -0.15 2013 Molybdenum, Total (pi n/a n/a 4.9 4.6-5.4 2013 Strontium, Total (ppb) n/a n/a 970 920-1,100 2013 Vanadium, Total (1 50 n/a 2.9 2.4-3.1 2013 **Hexavalent chromium is regulated with an MCL of 10 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 1 ppb. Hexavalent chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. The City's water system had a water quality Monitoring & Reporting (M & R) violation during calendar year 2016. Although this incident was not an emergency and had no impact on public health, as our customers, you have a right to know what happened and what we did to correct the situation. We are required to monitor your drinking water for specific contaminants on a regular basis and in response to monitoring results for specific contaminants. Water quality monitoring results are an indicator of whether or not our drinking water meets health standards. During July 2016, the City had a total coliform positive result in their distri- bution system. In response, the City conducted E. coli monitoring on five wells that were in operation the day of the positive distribution sample result, within 24 hours of being notified of the result. All results were negative, i.e., absent of E. coli. However, the City failed to collect samples from three other wells that were also in operation on the day of the positive result within 24 hours, which caused the violation. To return to compliance, the City collected samples from the three wells and analyzed the samples for E. coli, with all results being negative. There is nothing you need to do at this time. The City corrected the violation, and we now analyze our wells weekly for bacteriological quality to ensure we do not receive a monitoring violation in the future. Your Water: Always Available, Always Assured T U S T 1 N City Of Tustin PRESORT STD _ � Water Services U.S. Postage TLindHE DIENER WATER TREATMENT PLANT, located in the hills above Yorba .� = P A I D a, processes u to 520 million gallons of clean water per da _ _y 300 Centennial Way p P g P y— Santa Ana, CA enough to fill the Rose Bowl ever 4 hours. The water is a blend from both Tustin, California 92780 g y .�' Permit No. 1208 the Colorado River Aqueduct and the State Water Project. At 212 -acres, } it's one of the largest water treatment plants in the U.S. It provides nearly half of Orange County's total water supply. ' Y BUILDING OUR FUTURE g Y pp Y'�. HONORING OUR PAST Water flowing from Diemer meets — or exceeds — all state and federal regulations. And it is kept safe from the treatment plant to your tap by constant testing throughout the distribution network. The City of Tustin Water Services monitors the water quality at all sources, reservoirs, and various points on the distribution system. 9 In addition, the Orange County Water District performs testing on the City's groundwater wells by analyzing for hundreds of compounds, many more than are required by state and federal laws and regulations. This constant surveillance ensures your drinking water stays within the requirements mandated by the federal Safe Drinking Water Acti I &&6 soviNii PAPER This report contains Este informecontieneinformuci6n Ban bao cao c6 ghi nhung chi 11ALss7-- iXfn#R`,a �;ft ILL �P, Ji1,p„ el ��tii�l` �lol�f �iT�l` �0)I Id, �tdt OE�t1�k important information about may importunte sabre su uyua fiat quan trong ve gham chat f r� r ��rc ��+ ''H*zi yy� �,FF t µ y� 17l2�7C�r�'lzf�P'1!�i11 P[] 111421 T al -�-� FB --F o1Y +ln{ -g./,( {, y}�, I�7 t1Z�/�W1 td.lAfiIX U'/J�'14 your drinking water. potable. Purumus informuci6n6 nubc trong c¢ng dong quy vi. "•-a,t..,�.�,.;�..'"'�, - � R_ , i City ©f Tustin Water Services Your 2018 Since 1990, California public water utilities have been providing an Water annual Water Quality Report to their Quality customers. This year's report covers calendar year 2017 drinking water Report quality testing and reporting. I" The City of Tustin Water Services Division (City) vigilantly safeguards its water supply and, as in years past, the water delivered to your home meets the quality standards required by federal and state regulatory agencies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (DDW) are the agencies responsible for establishing and enforcing drinking water quality standards. In some cases, the City goes beyond what is required by testing for unregulated chemicals that may have known health risks but do not have drinking water standards. For example, the Orange County Water District (OCWD), which manages the groundwater basin, and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC), which supplies imported treated surface water to the City, test for unregulated chemicals in our water supply. Unregulated chemical monitoring helps USEPA and DDW determine where certain chemicals occur and whether new standards need to be established for those chemicals. Through drinking water quality testing programs carried out by OCWD for groundwater, MWDSC for treated surface water and the City for the distribution system, your drinking water is constantly monitored from source to tap for regulated and unregulated constituents. The State allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of our data, though representative, are more than one year old. The Quality of Your Water Is Our Primary Concern Sources of Supply The City of Tustin Water Services water supply is a blend of ground- water provided by OCWD and water imported from Northern California and the Colorado River by the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) via MWDSC. Groundwater comes from a natural underground aquifer that is replenished with water from the Santa Ana River, local rainfall and imported water. The groundwater basin is 350 square miles and lies beneath north and central Orange County from Irvine to the Los Angeles County border and from Yorba Linda to the Pacific Ocean. More than 20 cities and retail water districts draw from the basin to provide water to homes and businesses. Orange County's Water Future For years, Orange County has enjoyed an abundant, seemingly endless supply of high- quality water. However, as water demand continues to increase statewide, we must be even more conscientious about our water supply and maximize the efficient use of this precious natural resource. OCWD and MWDOC work coopera- tively to evaluate new and innovative water management and supply development programs, including water reuse and recycling, wetlands expansion, recharge facility construc- tion, ocean and brackish water desalination, surface storage and water use efficiency programs. These efforts are helping to enhance long- term countywide water reliability and water quality. A healthy water future for Orange County rests on finding and developing new water supplies, as well as protecting and improving the quality of the water that we have today. Your local and regional water agencies are committed to making the necessary investments today in new water management projects to ensure an abundant and high-quality water supply for our future. Basic Information About Drinking Water Contaminants The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs and wells. As water travels over the surface of land or through the layers of the ground it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animal and human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: • Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations and wildlife. • Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production or mining activities. • Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from urban storm runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining and farming. • Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff and residential uses. • Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gasoline stations, urban stormwater runoff, agricultural application and septic systems. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, USEPA and the DDW prescribe regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations and California law also establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contami- nants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791. Immuno -Compromised People Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno -compromised people, such as those with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have had organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly persons and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. The USEPA and the federal Centers for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from USEPA's Safe Drinking Water hotline at (800) 426-4791 between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Eastern Time (7 a.m. to 1 p.m. in California). Questions about your water? Contact us for answers. For information about this report, or your water quality in general, please contact Joe Lozano at (714) 573-3178. The Tustin City Council meets the first and third Tuesdays of every month at 7:00 pm in the City Council Chambers, 300 Centennial Way, Tustin, California. Please feel free to participate in these meetings. For more information about the health effects of the listed contaminants in the following tables, call the USEPA hotline at (800) 426-4791. Federal and State Water Quality Regulations - Water Quality Issues that Could Affect Your Health - Drinking Water Fluoridation Fluoride has been added to U.S. drinking water supplies since 1945. Of the 50 largest cities in the U.S., 43 fluoridate their drinking water. In December 2007, MWDSC joined a majority of the nation's public water suppliers in adding fluoride tt drinking water in order to prevent tooth decay. In line with recommendations from the DDW, as well as the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MWDSC adjusted the natural fluoride level in imported treated water from the Colorado River and State Water Project to the optimal range for dental health of 0.6 to 1.2 parts per million. Our local water is not supplemented with U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1(800) 232-4636 • www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/ State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking-water/ certlic/drinkingwater/Fluoridation.html For more information about MWDSC's fluoridation program, please call Edgar G. Dymally at (213) 217-5709 or email him at edymally@mwdh2o.com. Nitrate Advisory At times, nitrate in your tap water may have exceeded one-half the MCL, but it was never greater than the MCL of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Nitrate in your drinking water in 2017 ranged from non -detect to 7.4 mg/L. The following advisory is issued because in 2017 we recorded nitrate measurements in the drinking water supply which exceeded one-half the nitrate MCL. Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Radiologicals -Tested in 2017 fluoride. Fluoride levels in drinking water are limited Uranium (pci/L) 20 0.43 <1 ND ND- 1.9 No Erosion of Natural Deposits under California state regulations at a maximum Inorganic Chemicals -Tested in 2017 No dosage 2 million. Aluminum (ppm) 1 0.6 ND 0.16 ND - 0.13 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Deposits of parts per Arsenic (ppb) 10 0.004 <2 ND ND -2 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Additional information about the fluoridation of Fluoride (ppm) Control Range 0.6-1.2ppm NR 0.7 0.6-0.9 No Water Additive for Dental Health drinking water is availahle nn these wehsites- treatment-related Optimal Level 0.7 ppm No �f What are Water Quality Standards? Drinking water standards established by USEPA and DDW set limits for substances that may affect consumer health or aesthetic qualities of drinking water. The chart in this report shows the following types of water quality standards: • Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLS are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible. • Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. • Secondary MCLS: Set to protect the odor, taste, and appearance of drinking water. • Primary Drinking Water Standard: MCLs for contaminants that affect health along with their monitoring and reporting requirements and water treatment requirements. • Regulatory Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant, which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. How are Contaminants Measured? Water is sampled and tested throughout the year. Contaminants are measured in: • parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L) • parts per billion (ppb) or micrograms per liter (pg/L) • parts per trillion (ppt) or nanograms per liter (ng/L) What is a Water Quality Goal? In addition to mandatory water quality standards, USEPA and DDW have set voluntary water quality goals for some contami- nants. Water quality goals are often set at such low levels that they are not achievable in practice and are not directly measurable. Nevertheless, these goals provide useful guideposts and direction for water management practices. The chart in this report includes three types of water quality goals: • Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by USEPA. • Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. • Public Health Goal (PHG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Fluoride (ppm) 2 1 0.18 NR 0.15-0.23 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Nitrate (ppm as N) 10 10 4.1 ND ND -7.4 No Fertilizers, Septic Tanks Nitrate+Nitrite (ppm as N) 10 10 4.1 ND NO -7.4 No Fertilizers, Septic Tanks Perchlorate (ppb) 6 1 <4 ND ND- 5.2 No Industrial Waste Discharge Selenium (ppb) 50 30 <5 ND ND - 6.6 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Deposits Secondary Standards* - Tested in 2017 Not Regulated n/a 29.1 12 5.4-74.7 n/a Aluminum (ppb) 200* 600 NO 160 ND -130 No Treatment Process Residue, Natural Deposits Chloride (ppm) 500* n/a 133 50 24-349 No Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Color (color units) 15* n/a NO 1 ND -1 No Naturally -occurring Organic Materials Iron (ppb) 300* n/a <100 ND ND- 246 No Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Odor (threshold odor number) 3* n/a NO 2 ND -2 No Naturally -occurring Organic Materials Specific Conductance (pmholcm) 1,600* n/a 1,120 490 351 -2,140 No Substances that Form Ions in Water Sulfate (ppm) 500* n/a 157 96 63-323 No Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) 1,000* n/a 512 294 126-958 No Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Turbidity (NTU) 5* n/a 0.14 ND NO -1.2 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Zinc (ppm) 5* n/a <0.05 ND ND- 0.4 No Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Unregulated Chemicals - Tested in 2013, 2014, and 2017 1,4 -Dioxane (ppb) NL= 1 n/a 0.1 ND ND -0.2 n/a Industrial Waste Discharge Alkalinity, total as CaCO3 (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 201 61 48-323 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Boron (ppm) NL = 1 n/a 0.1 0.1 ND - 0.27 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Calcium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 109 28 20-227 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Chlorate (ppb) NL= 800 n/a 59 53 ND -130 n/a Byproduct of Drinkinq Water Chlorination; Vanadium, Total (ppb) NL = 50 n/a 4.4 2.8 1.5-7.7 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits ppb = parts -per billion; ppm = parts -per -million; pCi/L = picoCuries per liter; NTU = nephelometric turbidity units; pmholcm = micromhos per centimeter; NR = Not Required to be analyzed; ND = not detected; <= average is less than the detection limit for reporting purposes; MCL= Maximum Contaminant Level; (MCLG) = federal MCL Goal; PHG = California Public Health Goal; NL = Notification Level; n/a = not applicable; TT = treatment technique *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard. **There is currently no MCL for hexavalent chromium. The previous MCL of 10 ppb was withdrawn on September 11, 2017. ***Total chromium is regulated with an MCL of 50 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 10 ppb. Total chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. 1) Highest single turbidity measurement 0.3 NTU 0.08 No Soil run-off 2) Percentage of samples less than 0.3 NTU 95% 100% No Soil run-off Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water, an indication of particulate matter, some of which might include harmful microorganisms. Low turbidity in Metropolitan's treated water is a good indicator of effective filtration. Filtration is called a "treatment technique" (TT). A treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce the level of contaminants in drinking water that are difficult and sometimes impossible to measure directly. Industrial Processes Chromium, Hexavalent (ppb) n/a 0.02** 0.23 0.07 NO -0.4 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits; Industrial Discharge Chromium, Total (ppb)** * 50 (100) <0.2 <0.2 ND -0.5 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits; Industrial Discharge Hardness, total as CaCO3 (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 392 119 82-873 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Hardness, total (grains/gallon) Not Regulated n/a 23 7 4.8- 51 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Magnesium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 29.1 12 5.4-74.7 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Molybdenum, Total (ppb) Not Regulated n/a 10 4.7 4.4-20 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits pH (pH units) Not Regulated Na 7.7 8.4 7.4-8.6 n/a Hydrogen Ion Concentration Potassium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 2.4 2.8 1.6-3.7 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Sodium (ppm) Not Regulated n/a 83.3 51 39-167 n/a Runoff or Leaching from Natural Deposits Strontium, Total (ppb) Not Regulated n/a 640 930 420-1,100 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits Total Organic Carbon (ppm) TT nla 0.17 2.4 NO -3.0 n/a Various Natural and Man-made Sources Vanadium, Total (ppb) NL = 50 n/a 4.4 2.8 1.5-7.7 n/a Erosion of Natural Deposits ppb = parts -per billion; ppm = parts -per -million; pCi/L = picoCuries per liter; NTU = nephelometric turbidity units; pmholcm = micromhos per centimeter; NR = Not Required to be analyzed; ND = not detected; <= average is less than the detection limit for reporting purposes; MCL= Maximum Contaminant Level; (MCLG) = federal MCL Goal; PHG = California Public Health Goal; NL = Notification Level; n/a = not applicable; TT = treatment technique *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard. **There is currently no MCL for hexavalent chromium. The previous MCL of 10 ppb was withdrawn on September 11, 2017. ***Total chromium is regulated with an MCL of 50 ppb but was not detected, based on the detection limit for purposes of reporting of 10 ppb. Total chromium was included as part of the unregulated chemicals requiring monitoring. 1) Highest single turbidity measurement 0.3 NTU 0.08 No Soil run-off 2) Percentage of samples less than 0.3 NTU 95% 100% No Soil run-off Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water, an indication of particulate matter, some of which might include harmful microorganisms. Low turbidity in Metropolitan's treated water is a good indicator of effective filtration. Filtration is called a "treatment technique" (TT). A treatment technique is a required process intended to reduce the level of contaminants in drinking water that are difficult and sometimes impossible to measure directly. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of the infant's blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant, or you are pregnant, you should ask advice from your health care provider. How to Read Your Water Meter About Lead in Tap Water If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and compo- nents associated with service lines and home plumbing. The City is responsible for providing Your water meter is usually located between the sidewalk and curb under a cement cover. Remove the cover by inserting a screwdriver in the hole in the lid and then 9 © 1 carefully lift the cover. The meter reads straight across, like the odometer on your car. 0 8 9 5 8 2 Read only the black numbers (0895). CUBIC FEET p If you are trying to determine if you have a leak, turn off all the water in your 7 3 © WATER home, both indoor and outdoor faucets, and then check the dial for any move 6 METER 4 ment of the low -flow indicator. If there is movement, that indicates a leak between 5 the meter and your plumbing system. © Low -Flow Indicator -The low flow indicator will spin if any water is flowing through the meter. © Sweep Hand - Each full revolution of the sweep hand indicates that one cubic foot of water (7.48 gallons) has passed through the meter. The markings at the outer edge of the dial indicate tenths and hundredths of one cubic foot. © Meter Register - The meter register is a lot like the odometer on your car. The numbers keep a running total of all the water that has passed through the meter. The register shown here indicates that 89,505 cubic feet of water has passed through this meter. Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) 80 17 ND -28 No Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection Haloacetic Acids (ppb) 60 4 ND -10 No Byproducts of Chlorine Disinfection Chlorine Residual (ppm) (414) 1.0 0.6-1.6 No Disinfectant Added for Treatment Aesthetic Quality Turbidity (NTU) 5* <0.1 ND -0.35 No Erosion of Natural Deposits Eight locations in the distribution system are tested quarterly for total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids; twenty locations are tested monthly for color, odor and turbidity. Color and odor were not detected In 2016. MRDL— Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level; MRDLG = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal *Contaminant is regulated by a secondary standard to maintain aesthetic qualities (taste, odor, color). Lead and Copper Action Levels at Residential Taps Action Level Health 9011 Percentile Sites Exceeding AL AL Typical Source i Goal Value Number of Sites Violation? of Contaminant Lead (ppb) 15 0.2 5 3144 No Corrosion of Household Plumbing Copper (ppm) 1.3 0.3 0.35 0144 No Corrosion of Household Plumbing During 2015, 44 residences were tested for lead and copper at -the -tap. Lead was detected in five samples; three exceeded the regulatory action level. Copper was detected in 41 homes; none exceeded the regulatory action level. A regulatory action level Is the concentration of a contaminant which triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. In 2017, 18 schools submitted requests to be sampled for lead. Unregulated Chemicals Requiring Monitoring in the Distribution System Notification Average Range of Most Recent Chemical Level PHG Amount Detections Date Chlorate (ppb) 800 Na 49 37-57 2013 Chromium, Hexavalent(ppb) n/a 0.02'* 0.085 ND -0.15 2013 Molybdenum, Total(ppb) n/a n/a 4.9 4.6-5.4 2013 Strontium, Total (ppb) n/a n/a 970 920-1,100 2013 Vanadium, Total (ppb) 50 n/a 2.9 2.4-3.1 2013 **There is currently no MCL for hexavalent chromium. The previous MCL of 10 ppb was withdrawn on September 11, 2017 high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791, or on the web at www.epa.gov/safewater/lead. Entrained Air If your tap water has a slightly "milky" appearance, you're probably experiencing an interesting but harmless phenomenon known as "entrained air." The milky color in the water caused by tiny air bubbles is harmless and is related to the operation of City wells. The air is dissolved under pressure in the ground- water, much like carbon dioxide in a bottle of soda. If your tap water is milky -colored and you want to confirm you are experiencing entrained air, rinse out a clear glass twice and then fill it with cold tap water. After a few moments, the water should begin to clear from the bottom of the glass to the top as the bubbles rise to the surface. If the water does not clear, please contact us. Source Water Assessments Imported (MWDSC) Water Assessment Every five years, MWDSC is required by DDW to examine possible sources of drinking water contamination in its State Water Project and Colorado River source waters. The most recent watershed sanitary surveys of its source water supplies from the Colorado River was updated in 2015 and the State Water Project was updated in 2016. Water from the Colorado River is considered to be most vulnerable to contamination from recreation, urban/stormwater runoff, increasing urbanization in the watershed, and wastewater. Water supplies from Northern California's State Water Project are most vulnerable to contamination from urban/stormwater runoff, wildlife, agriculture, recreation, and wastewater. USEPA also requires MWDSC to complete one Source Water Assessment (SWA) that utilizes information collected in the watershed sanitary surveys. MWDSC completed its SWA in December 2002. The SWA is used to evaluate the vulnerability of water sources to contamination and helps determine whether more protective measures are needed. A copy of the most recent summary of either Watershed Sanitary Survey or the SWA can be obtained by calling MWDSC at (800) CALL -MWD (225-5693). Groundwater Assessment An assessment of the drinking water sources for the City was completed in December 2002. The groundwater sources are considered most vulnerable to the following activities not associated with detected contaminants: confirmed leaking underground storage tanks, dry cleaners, and gas stations. The groundwater sources are considered most vulnerable to the following activities associated with contaminants detected in the water supply: known contaminant plumes, historic agricultural activities and application of fertilizers, and sewer collection systems. A copy of the complete assessment is available at State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water, 605 W. Santa Ana Blvd., Building 28, Room 325, Santa Ana, California 92701. You may request a summary of the assessment by contact- ing the City of Tustin Water Services at (714) 573-3178. Save Money & Water: Learn How to Stop Leaks T U S L'7` 1 N City of Tustin PRESORT STD Nationwide, more than 1 trillion gallons of water are lost annually due to household Water Services U.S. Postage leaks. That's equal to the annual water use of more than 11 million homes. The average =300 Centennial Way P A I D household can waste more than 10,000 gallons each year due to correctable leaks. Santa Ana, CA That's enough to wash 270 loads of laundry! Tustin, California 92780 Permit No. 1208 Ten percent of homes have leaks that waste 90 gallons or more per day! Common sources include toilets, faucets, showerheads, and landscape irrigation. But you should also consider less obvious sources of leaks: water heaters, ice makers, dishwashers, and BUILDING OURFUTURE HONORING OUR PAST filtration systems. Many of these are easily correctable, and fixing them can save about 10 percent on the average water bill. Be sure to check your toilet for leaks at least once a year. Put food coloring in the tank. If it seeps into the bowl without flushing, there's a leak. And if your toilet flapper doesn't close properly after flushing, replace it. Remember, one drip a second adds up to five gallons lost per day! So regularly check your faucets and showerheads, as well as all hoses and connectors. Many household leaks can be solved with simple tools and a little education — and fortunately, Do-It- Yourselfers have access to multiple resources. But even if you must pay for repairs, you will still save money in the long run. For more information on water conservation, visit www.ocwatersmart.com. 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